PREVALENCE AND TREATMENT OUTCOME OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN EBONYI STATE GENERAL HOSPITAL

Background

In Nigeria, little is known about pediatric tuberculosis (TB). This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of TB in children living in Ebonyi state, Nigeria and its treatment results.

Methods

The medical records of children treated with tuberculosis at Khuzestan Health Center (KHCNTP )’s unit between 2005 and 2010 were examined in this retrospective analysis. The files contained a variety of information, including demographics, clinical presentation, test findings, and treatment outcomes, all of which were culled and examined.

Results

Of total 4104 new TB cases recorded at KHC, 203 (4.9 percent ) were children. They ranged in age from 10.7 years old on average to 4.3 years old on average, with 75.7 percent being female. More than 84% of TB cases in children were 10 years old or older, whereas only 5.6 percent of TB cases occurred in children younger than 5 years old. Of the total examined cases, 57.1 percent were pulmonary TB and 42.9 percent were extra pulmonary, 91.7 percent were effectively treated and 8.3 percent had unsatisfactory treatment result. The main risk factors for poor treatment outcome were: age <5 years (OR: 0.17, 95 percent CI, 0.04-0.76), low body weight (OR: 0.08, 95 percent CI, 0.01-0.60), household contact with cases of TB treatment failure (OR: 0.13, 95 percent CI, 0.03-0.52), and exposure to cigarette smoke odor inside the home (OR: 0.17, 95 percent CI, 0.05-0.56). (OR: 0.17, 95 percent CI, 0.05-0.56).

Conclusion

The proportion of pediatric TB in the region was lower than predicted. The treatment success rate was higher than the rate stipulated in NTP. Special care should be paid to children aged less than five years, low body weight, contact with TB treatment failure patients, and exposure to cigarette smoke.

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