Tag: PROJECT TOPICS

Nov 23

Protection Of Women Against Discriminatory Laws In Nigeria

Protection Of Women Against Discriminatory Laws, Policies And Practices In Nigeria

ABSTRACT
Human rights are rights that have come to be guaranteed over time, to all men and women, irrespective of race or creed. These rights extend to even the unborn, in certain circumstances. However, in many societies, women are subject to discriminatory tendencies in the form of laws, policies and practices that derogate from their human rights, simply became of their gender.
Many international instruments have been put in place to stem these negative tendencies, especially through the works of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Labour Organization (I.L.O)
In Nigeria, for instance, women tend to suffer inequalities in the social, political , economic and cultural fields. This is notwithstanding the fact that there are formal provisions on the statute books that guarantees equality to all before the law.
As the ‘grundnorm,’ all the Constitution made for Nigeria with their fundamental rights provisions envisage equality of all citizens, whether male or female. The Thesis finds that the envisaged equality is at best formal and not actual, even though the country is a party to international conventions and instruments that provide for equal enjoyment of human rights by both genders.
Some laws, cultural practices and traditions have been fingered in restricting and derogating from the enjoyment of basic rights by women. This thesis sets out to identify derogations from women’s rights, its effects and proffer suggestions on how to curtail these gustative tendencies, with particular reference to Nigeria.

Nov 23

Appraisal Of Impeachment Process Under The 1999 Constitution Of Nigeria

Appraisal Of Impeachment Process Under The 1999 Constitution Of Nigeria

Abstract

This project report centres on Appraisal of impeachment process under the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria. It x-rays basically the Legislatures excessive and negative use of impeachment process provided in the 1999 Constitution against the Executive arm of government, particularly, State Governors and their Deputies. This anomaly forms the foundation upon which the statement of the research problem of this work is anchored.
This research highlights in details the procedure for impeachment, the historical development of impeachment, the meaning of gross misconduct which is the main ground for carrying out impeachment proceedings. The roles of courts and other institutions are also discussed.
The research reveals through case laws how our legislators abused the impeachment process in order to achieve their selfish interests while relying on the erroneous impression that their actions cannot be questioned in court. The courts however rose to the occasion and checkmated their excesses leading to upturning almost all the cases filed by the impeached persons. The courts defined the true import and intent of Sections 143(10) and 188(10) of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria which oust the jurisdiction of court from entertaining cases emanating from impeachment proceedings.

In this appraisal the researcher relies on doctrinal and empirical research methods. To this extent, questionnaires and oral interviews were employed, analysed and arrived at mind-blowing results.
In conclusion, it is revealed among other things that the impeachment process has done more harm than good in the political development of Nigeria and that the Constitution requires an amendment to correct the anomalies inherent therein. It is recommended inter alia that constitutional courts should be established to try impeachment cases with dispatch.

Oct 17

TAX INCENTIVES AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Title page

Certification page

Dedication

Acknowledgment

Abstract

 

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL INTRODUCTION

  • Background to the study
  • Statement of the problem
  • Operational definition of terms
  • Scope and definition of terms
  • Research questions
  • Theoretical framework
  • Literature review

1.8       Discussion of literature

 

CHAPTER TWO: OVERVIEW OF TAX INCENTIVES IN NIGERIA

2.1       Definition of the Concept of Taxation and Tax Incentives

2.2       Tax Incentives as a Tool for Economic Growth and Development

2.3       Classification of Tax Incentives

 

CHAPTER THREE: LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR TAX INCENTIVES IN NIGERIA

3.0       Tax incentives under the Various Tax Laws in Nigeria

3.1       Pioneer Status Incentive

3.2       Tax Incentives and Foreign Direct Investment

3.3       Tax Exemptions and Incentives

3.4       Incentives under the Companies Income Tax Act

3.5       Incentives under the Capital Gains Act

3.6       Incentives under Value Added Tax Act

3.8       Incentives for companies in the Petroleum Industry

3.9       Tax Incentives under the Tax Free Zones and Export Processing Zones

3.10     Nigeria Double Tax TreatyIncentives under the Personal Income Tax Act

 

CHAPTER FOUR: IMPACT OF TAX INCENTIVES ON ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA

4.1       Harnessing tax incentives to achieve economic growth and development – Lessons for companies and individuals

4.2       Advantages and disadvantages of widely used tax incentive instruments and the economics of harmful tax competition.

4.3       Deficiencies in the legal, administrative and regulatory framework for the implementation of tax incentives in Nigeria

4.3       Lessons from other jurisdiction on the framework and implementation of tax incentives

 

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1       Conclusion

5.2       Recommendation

Oct 08

AN APPRAISAL OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR BROADCASTING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA

AN APPRAISAL OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR BROADCASTING INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA: A CASE STUDY OF NATIONAL BROADCASTING COMMISSION (NBC)

ABSTRACT

Broadcasting Organisations are not perceived as watch-dogs of the society promoting transparency, accountability and good governance for socio-economic and infrastructural development. Works of Broadcasting Organisations are generally construed in narrow term confining its works to the propagation of government policies and programmes. This problems still prevails despite the need for change that necessitated for paradigm shift in the role of Broadcasting organisation. An objective of this dissertation is to educate and enlighten the public on the roles of Broadcasting Organisations toward promoting unity, peaceful coexistence, transparency and accountabilities, socioeconomic and infrastructural development for good governance in Nigeria. Using the doctrinal method of research the dissertation bring out the role of Broadcasting Organisations in the 21st century in Nigeria. The dissertation found that Broadcasting organisation become agents of disseminating government selfish interest which contribute to lack of credibility among Nigerians. The Nigerian Broadcasting organisation should change towards performing it duties as watch-dog of the society to ensure sustainable development and the legislature should amend laws that hinders the operations of Broadcasting Organisations. Broadcasting organisation should channel their activities towards disseminating the voices of common man for solutions to their problems. It should also served as link between the government and the people towards peaceful and sustainable development devoid of selfish interest.

 

Oct 07

NUMERICAL METHODS  FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

NUMERICAL METHODS  FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

The Project Abstract

Numerical Methods for Ordinary Differential Equations is a self-contained introduction to a fundamental field of numerical analysis and scientific computation. Written for undergraduate students with a mathematical background, this project work focuses on the analysis of numerical methods without losing sight of the practical nature of the subject.

The project study highlights new and emerging themes. Chapters are broken down into `lecture’ sized pieces, motivated and illustrated by numerous theoretical and computational examples. Over 200 exercises are provided and these are starred according to their degree of difficulty.

 

Sep 17

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM) SUBSCRIPTION FRAUD DETECTION SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE

GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION (GSM) SUBSCRIPTION FRAUD DETECTION SYSTEM USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TECHNIQUE
ABSTRACT

This project is concerned with GSM subscription fraud detection system using artificial neural network technique. Fraud is a multi-billion problem around the globe with huge loss of revenue. Fraud can affect the credibility and performance of telecommunication companies. The most difficult problem that faces the industry is the fact that fraud is dynamic, which means that whenever fraudsters feel that they will be detected, they device other ways to circumvent security measures. In such cases, the perpetrators intention is to completely avoid or at least reduce the charges for using the services. Subscription fraud is one of the major types of telecommunication fraud in which a customer obtain an account without intention to pay the bill. Thus at the level of a phone number, all transactions from the number will be fraudulent. In such cases abnormal usage occurs throughout the active period of the account; which is usually used for call selling or intensive self usage. This provides a means for illegal high profit business for fraudsters requiring minimal investment and relatively low risk of getting caught. A system to prevent subscription fraud in GSM telecommunications with high impact on long distance carriers is proposed to detect fraud. The system employs adaptive flexible techniques using advanced data analysis like Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Fed with raw data, a neural network can quickly learn to pick up patterns of unusual variations that may suggest instances of fraud on a particular account. A total of 158 data samples were collected, trained and tested using a model that allows identifying potential fraudulent customers at the time of subscription. The result shows that 80% of the prediction accuracy has been obtained. From the result produced, artificial neural network has a potential to be used for detecting subscription fraud in telecommunication.
TABLE OF CONTETNS

Title Page – – – – – – – – – – i
Approval Page – – – – – – – – – ii
Dedication – – – – – – – – – – – iii
Acknowledgment – – – – – – – – – – – iv
Abstract – – – – – – – – – – – viii
Table of Contents — – – – – – – – – v
List of Figures – – – – – – – – – – x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study – – – – – – – 1
1.2 Statement of Problem- – – – – – – – 2
1.3 Objectives of the Study — – – – – – 2
1.4 Scope and Limitation of the Study – – – – – – – 3
1.5 Significance of the Study – – – – – – – 3
1.6 Definition of Terms – – – – – – – 4

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Telecom Frauds – – – – – – – – 4
2. 1. 1 Subscription Fraud: – – – – – – – 7
2. 1. 2 Identity Theft: – – – – – – – – 7
2. 1.3 Roaming fraud: – – – – – – – – 8
2.1.4 DISA Fraud: – – – – – – – – 9
2. 1. 5 Phone Theft: – – – – – – – 10
2.1.6 Voicemail Fraud: – – – – – – – – 11
2. 1. 7 Some Factors Leading to Telecom Fraud – – – 11
2. 1. 8 Who Actually Commits Fraud- – – – – – – 12
2. 1. 9 Where do Fraudsters Work From – – – – – 13
2. 1. 10 Why do Fraudsters do it — – – – – – 12
2.2 Fraud Prevention and Detection – – – – – 12
2.2.1 Fraud Prevention – – – – – – – 17
2.2.2 Fraud Detection – – – – – – – – 20
2.2.2.1 Supervised Versus Unsupervised Learning – – – – 21
2.2.2.2 Supervised Methods of Fraud Detection – – – – 22
2.2.2.3 Unsupervised Methods of Fraud Detection- – – – 24
2.3 Fraud Detection Using Neural Network – – – – 25
2.4 GSM Subscription Fraud Detection Architectures – – – 27
2.4.1 System 1 Architecture – – – – – – – 27
2.4.1.1 Layer 1 – – – – – – – – – 28
2.4.1.2 Layer 2 – – – – – – – – – 28
2.4.1.3 Layer 3 – – – – – – – – – 28
2.4.2 System 2 – An ‘all in one’ Absolute Usage System – – – 28
2.4.3 System 3 – Introducing Diffential Usage – – – 29

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.0 Analysis of the System – – – – – – – 31
3.1 Formulation of Model – – – – – – – 32
3.2 GSM Fraud Detection Using Neural Network- – – – 35
3.3 Object-Oriented Analysis of the System – – – – 38
3.4 Object-Oriented Design of the System – – – – – 39
3.4.1 Class Diagram of the System – – – – – – 40
3.4.2 Sequence Diagram of the System – – – – – 42
3.5 Database Design – – – – – – – – 46
3.5.1 Database diagram elements – – – – – – 46
3.6 Deployment diagram of the system – – – – – 47

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
4.0. Software Architecture – – – – – – – 49
4.1. System Requirements – – – – – – – 50
4.1.1 Hardware Requirements- – – – – – – – 50
4.1.2 Software Requirements – – – – – – – – 51
4.2. Development Environment, Coding and Testing Technique 51
4.3. Deployment Platform and Installation of the Software 53
4.4 Screen Shots of the Software Demos – – – – – – 53
4.5 User’s Guide – – – – – – 64
4.6 maintenance Guide – – – – – – 64
4.7 Program Documentation – – – – – – – – 65

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary – – – – – – – – – – 67
5.2 Conclusion – – – – – – – – – – 67
5.3 Recommendation – – – – – – – – – 68
5.4 Suggestion for further studies – – – – – – – 68
REFERENCE – – – – – – – – – 70
APPENDIX
Source Code

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure: 2.1 Flow of neutral network architecture 27
Figure: 2.2 An ‘all in one’ absolute usage system 29
Figure 2.3: Diffential usage system 30
Figure: 3.1 Architecture of the fraud detection tool 33
Figure 3.2 (a): Multilayer feed forward Neural network Architecture 36
Figure 3.2 (b): Back-propagation Neural network Architecture 38
Figure 3.3: Use Case boundary diagram of the system 39
Figure 3.4: Class diagram of the system 40
Figure 3.5 (a): Login sequence diagram 43
Figure 3.5(b): Make Call Sequence Diagram of the System 44
Figure 3.5 (c): End call Sequence Diagram of the System 45
Figure 3.5 (d): Check Detection Sequence Diagram of the System 45
Figure 3.6 Database Diagram of the System 47
Figure 3.7: Deployment Diagram of the System 48
Figure 4.1: The architecture of the software, GSM subscription fraud
detection using artificial neural network 49
Figure 4.2: Screen shot of the launch window 54
Figure 4.3 Screen shot of the welcome window 55
Figure 4.4: Screen shot of authenticate user window 56
Figure 4.4: Screen shot of make call window 57
Figure 4.6: Screen shot of timing window 58
Figure 4.7 Screen shot of call summary window 59
Figure 4.8 Screen shot of home page 60
Figure 4.9 Screen shot of add customer account detail page 61
Figure 4.10 Screen shot of check detection action 62
Figure 4.11 Screen shot of no detection page 63
Figure 4.12 Screen shot of fraud detections page