DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTING OF ONLINE PROPERTY RENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

An estate can be defined as an area or amount of land or property. Estate management is quite a broad term for a number of areas that include property management, surveying, business and finance and the built environment. Closer ties are beginning to emerge between estate and property management and business and financial practices, and essentially the subject is primarily concerned with the valuation and management of land and buildings in the public and private sector. With house prices rising at an astonishing rate over the last few years and now the recession, the government has come under increasing pressure to be relieved from a ‘housing crisis’. This crisis has come about because of the rise in house prices which first-time buyers can no longer afford and a lack of affordable housing for the citizens. Also, the rise in investment buyers has meant that a lot of properties that those on average wages could have once been able to buy, now have to rent instead. All of this has become an area of tremendous interest. The government has predicted that more homes are needed, but where these houses are to be built has also courted controversy. Estate Managers typically set the service standard and are responsible for the hiring, training, and ongoing management of staff required to meet the service needs of the household. In addition to personnel management, the administrative functions are many. All related financial matters including accounting, budgets, and payroll normally pass through the estate manager’s hands. Based on the size of the property, the Estate Manager may wear many other hats. Depending on the nature of the property, an owner of property has the right to consume, sell, rent, mortgage, transfer, exchange or destroy their property, and/or to exclude others from doing these things. A title, or a right of ownership, establishes the relation between the property and other persons, assuring the owner the right to dispose of the property as they see fit. Some philosophers assert that property rights arise from social convention. Others find origins for them in morality or natural law. So, estate management system is needed to take care of keeping records of the estate transactions in terms of allocation, transfer of property, revoke or sale of a property. Maintaining such record manually will be cumbersome hence the need for an estate management system that will automate all estate transactions. This research work is sub divided into five chapters as follows: chapter one which contains the introduction of the work, Chapter two contains the literature review of existing systems, their successes and limitations shall also be discussed in this chapter. Chapter three contains the analyses and design of the proposed system including the methodologies adopted while carrying out the research. Chapter four is where the actual implementation using the appropriate programming language is discussed, and finally chapter five contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.

 Background Of The Study

Land use, land valuation, and the determination of the incomes of landowners, are among the oldest questions in economic theory (Shavell, 2004). Land is an essential input (factor of production) for agriculture, and agriculture is by far the most important economic activity in preindustrial societies. With the advent of industrialization, important new uses for land emerged, as sites for factories, warehouses, offices, and urban agglomerations. Also, the value of real property taking the form of man-made structures and machinery increases relative to the value of land alone. The concept of real property eventually comes to encompass effectively all forms of tangible fixed capital. With the rise of extractive industries, real property comes to encompass natural capital. With the rise of tourism and leisure, real property comes to include scenic and other amenity values. Starting in the 1960s, as part of the emerging field of law and economics, economists and legal scholars began to study the property rights enjoyed by tenants under the various estates, and the economic benefits and costs of the various estates, Epstein (2007). This resulted in a much improved understanding of the:
Property rights enjoyed by tenants under the various estates. These include the right to:

· Decide how a piece of real property is used;

· Exclude others from enjoying the property;

· Transfer (alienate) some or all of these rights to others on mutually agreeable terms;

· Nature and consequences of transaction costs when changing and transferring estates.

 Statement Of Problem

Housing is a basic need for all. Over the years, increase in population and income has led to an equivalent increase in housing demand. Managing these demands manually will pose great challenges and difficulties; hence there is a need to automate the management process. Keeping record in an estate concerning lands, buildings and their owners has been a great task to the government and the governed. Access to estate information proves difficult that most times people are defrauded due to lack of property information. Illegal sales of lands and houses without the consent of the owner are very common. Valuation of estate for the purpose of paying tax to government is not achieved, hence the need for computerization of estate management system.

Aim And Objectives Of The Study

The aim of this research work is to develop a real estate management system to make estate information accessible to both government and individuals who may like to acquire building or landed property.

The objectives of this study are as highlighted below;

1. To develop a software that will keep information on land size, land location and land owners in an estate

2. Handle details for rent and sale of property from clients.

3. Carry out data analysis and statistical inference.

3. Produce financial and customer reports with detailed statistical analysis.

4. Handle staff’s details and their different transactions with clients.

5. Provide security to the client’s data.

Significance Of The Study

This research work is of great importance in that it seeks to provide innovative services relating to estate management such as providing information on land use as quickly as possible. Other significances it offers are found in the following areas;

1. Updating and modification of information concerning land parcels, buildings, social amenities in a country or area.

2. Faster and easier retrieval of estate information for instantaneous use of recipient such asgovernment agencies, demographers, tourists and individuals.

3. Identification of the amenities in the Estate so as to know which other ones are needed.

4. Keep a database of all the lands and buildings in an estate

5. Guide buyers on how to buy property and who to meet

6. Educate buyers on the type of land to build in an area for proper estate planning.

7. It will also aid in urban and regional planning.

 Scope Of The Study

Every project is carried out to achieve a set of goals with some conditions keeping in mind that it should be easy to use, feasible and user friendly. As the goal of this project is to develop an application to manage real estate efficiently, this system will be designed keeping in mind the conditions (easy to use, feasibility and user friendly) stated above. The proposed project would cover:

1. Developing a software to effectively manage real estates

2. Implementing it on a computer system.

 Definition Of Terms

ESTATE: An Estate can be seen as a property to which a person is lawfully entitled. In traditional law, it refers to property in land; a person’sEstate consists of the interest or rights that the person held in land.

MANAGEMENT: Management is the function that coordinates the efforts of people to accomplish goals and objectives by using available resources efficiently and effectively.It includes planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling an organizationor a system to accomplish a goal.

LAND: Landis the solid surface of the Earth that is not permanently covered by water. The vast majority of human activity occurs in land areas that support agriculture, habitat, and various natural resources.

PROPERTY: Property is one or more components (rather than attributes), whether physical or incorporeal, of a person’s estate; or so belonging to a person or jointly owned by a group of people or a legal entity like a corporation or even a society.

GIS: A geographic information system (GIS) is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of spatial or geographical data.In a general sense, the term describes any information system that integrates, stores, edits, analyzes, shares, and displays geographic information.

SURVEY: This can be seen as the mapping of the properties and varieties of soil in a given area. It could also mean the locating of structures relative to a reference line, used in the construction of buildings, roads, mines, and tunnels.

AUTOMATION: Automation is the use of various control systems for operating equipment or applications with minimal or reduced human intervention.

SYSTEM: A system is a set of interacting or interdependent components forming an integrated whole.Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its functioning.

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN E-SERVICE APPLICATION MODEL

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION 

Background Of The Study

An e-service is any asset that is made available via the Internet to drive new revenue streams or create new efficiencies.   E-Services or “eServices” is a highly general/generic term usually referring to the provision of services via the Internet (the prefix ‘e’ standing for “electronic”, as it does in many other uses).  It is a true Web jargon, meaning just about anything done online.

Until recently, the Internet was about the creation of e-commerce systems, and it was dominated by web sites and storefronts. We have now entered the next Internet evolution: the proliferation of e-services.  E-services are modular, nimble, units of service made available from a business to other businesses and to consumers.  Almost any business asset can be turned into an e-service and offered efficiently via the Internet.   E-services come in the form of modular units, which can be combined and recombined to solve business problems and to help businesses to overcome the limitations of a static business infrastructure.

Successful businesses (for instance the Restaurant business, which this research uses to demonstrate E-services; “E-restaurant”) will be those capable of turning their business assets into e-services and deliver them via the Internet or at customers door step.  It is easy for young academic graduate to own business outfits via e-services without having the initial huge capital required to start such business but using the modeling concept of the e-service technology that is widely acceptable to make financial benefit and thereby creating a living out of it.

Self-employment, particularly to most Nigerian graduates is only a last resort after years of failed effort to be engaged in the organized public or private sector of the economy.  It is obvious that the challenges of inertia particularly in the area of finance are key factors to such entertained fear in the mind of the would-be business starter

Variety is the spice of life they say; therefore, alternative form of business operation and an initial small capital base to jump-start businesses are worth pursuing.

E-services provide this alternative largely; with e-services, warehouses exist abstractly on web pages with its far-reaching participatory audience.  The paraphernalia of office is replaced by the web technology, for example, official records are sent, stored, queried, calculated and analyzed within the technology.  The automation e-services provide through this technology accounts for its low financial involvement when compared to the existing business system that e-services can alternate.

1.2  Statement Of The Problem

The technology race which e-services is a child of, is all about cutting cost; with the advent of e-services, businesses can be tailored in their different forms as models of operational system at minimal operational and logistic cost.  The compliment of piloting such models via the internet is equivalent to gaining “cheap” popularity and accessibility.  Enumerated below are some of the problems that exist with the former system.

1. The huge infrastructural cost of establishing a business from scratch particularly for a school leaver

2. A poor reach of product and services.

3. A static infrastructure in terms of location of business that gives no room for customers’ convenience

1.3 Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study is to design and implement a workable model of business operations that is capable of sensitizing a section of entrepreneurs particularly those constrained due to insufficient capital to establish businesses and to embrace alternative form of business operation using the technology on ground.   The objective of the study includes:

1. To provide a platform that can be used to initiate a Restaurant business through the internet; E-restaurant.

2. To provide a workstation to the operators that has a degree of automation to run the outfit.

3. To provide superior customer and firm interaction through IT.

4. To work within an environment that provides analysis through

queries for business intelligence and competitive advantage.

 1.4 Purpose of the Study

1. To demonstrate e-services application using known and common business environment; the Restaurant.

2. Microsoft access, a database management system was used to store information received from the patronizing customers.

3. Because of the web involvement, the HTML was used to design the web interactive and menu driven static pages.

4. Embedded in the HTML are script languages (JavaScript) to  add some complimentary functions to the web pages.

5. Finally the ColdFusion, a web site technology which provides

the dynamism the web pages needs to romance with the database.

1.5       Significance of the Study

This study is meaningful to any entrepreneurial-minded fellow with small capital to initiate business.

It is service at customer’s convenience; the developed website in this case, will enable customers order for their meal online and could be delivered to them at their doorsteps as specified in their order list without necessarily moving physically to the restaurant.

The demonstration and final deployment (or concept) of E-restaurant from e-service (an original contribution) can be transferred to other service oriented businesses.                                                                                                         

1.6   Delimitations and Limitations

The case study of this project is Home Touch, located at Palm groove, Lagos.  This project work is delimited to the supply of African dishes to customers at designated addresses. The study further confines itself to the service of food and not its preparation. Although Home Touch is being used as our case study, food can be sourced from some other eateries such as Mr. Biggs, Chicken Republic, and munches. Only registered person or organization is regarded as customer in the system. The analyses sought on the DBMS are purely through structured query language SQL commands. This design can function appropriately within a range of fifty daily customers; increase in customer ratio would require an improvement on the design functionality.

The facilities offered by this study are limited to the elite class, thus is the range of its customers. Microsoft Access as a DMBS has a limiting number of entities it can hold and the security of other DBMS like the ORACLE can be considered for improved security software systems.

1.7       Project Report Organisation

Chapter one begins with introduction in it the investigator explains how he became interested in the problem and why he felt the study was worth pursuing, establishing the need for the study. The statement of the problem, elaborate upon the information implied in the title of the study so that even an uninformed reader may secure an idea of the nature of the problem, which underline the rationale for the study. The Purpose of the study, is a quick overview of the study itself; stating the scope of the study. It helps to highlight the important aspect of the study and enable the reader to appreciate the nature and scope of the study. The Significance of the study tells for whom the study will be meaningful and gives some indication of its value for others. Delimitations are those restrictions deliberately imposed on the study by the investigator himself; other facets of the study by the nature of the research situation itself may limit the researcher in making generalization, these are the limitation; under the delimitation and limitation. Chapter two is the review of related literature, to set the theoretical base of the research and to set the current research into perspective. Chapter three is on Methodology, the study of how to perform scientific research. It is the part of any analysis or research that is used to find out what type of data is maintained, what fact to find, how to find them and how to record them for usage. In order to achieve these, Structured System Analysis Design and Methodology were used. Chapter four is on system design where data are presented objectively using the top-down system design, flow chart and forms. Chapter five is on system implementation Chapter six software testing, integration and deployment and finally chapter seven which is on summary, recommendation and conclusion.

 

1.8       Definition of Terms

Model: A concept (based in structure and design) that can be copied from; in same environment or transfer with modification in other business endeavour respectively.

 

Hustler: someone that hung around the market place seeking for novice customers who are ignorant of price and wares, to render his services.

            

             Osoafia: A manual and rude method of service providing particularly

in the eastern market of Nigeria though the operators are

Knowledgeable in wares and their locations in the market place.   

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AUTOMATED TELEMONITORING SYSTEM FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN

Abstract

This is written to show the overall system of our project and gives information and direction for developing and designing  telemonitoring system for school children in the North East remote areas accessing the chronic diseases. This project work contains every stages of the system development life cycle of the project. Hence the topics are clearly defined as we sense and noticed anybody who wants to develop the system can use it as sample. It shows the system analysis methodology, process designing, and data base designing and logical designing techniques

CHAPTER  ONE/INTRODUCTION

Background to the  Study

Telemonitoring refers to the transmission of symptom scores, physiological data including heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and weight directly to care providers either via automated electronic means or by web-based or phone-based data entry. Over time these interventions have evolved from automated phone response systems to web, to interactive television-based systems, to mobile phone or PDA-based systems to complex systems, which wirelessly transmit recorded physiological data. Anker (2015 ) subclassified telemonitoring systems into those which function as nonreactive data collection devices (such as event recorders), those with a delayed analytic and decision-making structure (e.g., only within office hours), those with continuously operating analytic and decision-making infrastructure, and complex systems that integrate invasive and noninvasive data .

The headway of innovation in the field of healthcare has enhanced an incredible nature. Remote patient monitoring is a techniquefor medicinal services conveyance that utilizes the most recent advances in information technology to assemble persistentinformation outside of customary human services settings.

Patient’s health details exchanged and kept up with a secured data management system. Due to the growing population, the Tele-Monitoring System confronting the issue in Medicine Delivery Process and should be tended to Quality enhancement in Patient Empowerment and Medical information communication. Incorporated remote monitoring

solutions with alert and messaging frameworks can tell providers when patients are in steadyor basic conditions without the requirement for a medical clinic room. Remote checking can enhance the service of interminable sicknesses by estimating basic hazard markers, for example, glucose, circulatory strain, and so forth. These gadgets can likewise give health data generated by patients to doctors and keep patients educated on their wellbeing objectives. Medicinal services associations, especially clinics, can utilize remote checking to confine related healthcare cost, and cut downon the utilization of progressively costly services. These offices can extend their extent of administration and rest guaranteed that patients are keeping up a healthy status

COMPUTER SCIENCE PROJECT TOPICS AND THEIR RESEARCH MATERIALS

Statement of the Problem

Over the last couple of decades the healthcare monitoring system has drawn considerable attentions of the researchers. The growing trends in information and communication technology (ICT) applications have given birth to potential technologies (such as, Telemedicine, Telemonitoring and Tele-health etc.) which have replaced the traditional healthcare with more advanced digital healthcare system. Although these technologies have reshaped the healthcare scenarios at a good extent but none of them has fully succeeded in providing a complete, up-to-date and reliable telemonitoring frame-work in terms of cost, time and better real-time diagnosis. Consequently, most of the available technologies being practiced are used in parts which are equally expensive as well as time-consuming. 

Objectives of the study

The main objectives of this study is to investigate the Automated Telemonitoring system for school children

The specific objectives are:

• To promote speedy communication of users within & between providers
• To increase efficiency of employees in the hospital.
• To eliminate distance and time barrier.
• To reduce waiting time for sicked school children.
• To promote speedy access of school children’s diagnostic history.
• To increase patient data confidentiality and security.
• To easily follow up the patient.
• To reduce costs of travelling of chronic one patients

Scopes Of The Study

Although the telemonitoring system involves many things and activities that can be run within it, yet due to lack of time and space, we were not able to use this software in other operating systems apart from windows operating system (that is from windows XP to windows operating system of higher versions).

Limitations of the Study

This work meet several limitation factors such as

Financial constraints: This hinders the researcher from the beginning of this work. Lack of finance to get the needed materials and equipment for the study.

Inadequate Literature: The telemonitoring system is a new area of study yet to be explored by other academics. The researcher were thus faced with unavailability of previous research works from scholars.However, the limitations of this study does not in anyway affect the data and results of the study.

 

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