DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATED MOBILE BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR CERVICAL CANCER DETECTION

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN AUTOMATED MOBILE BASED IMAGE ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR CERVICAL CANCER DETECTION

Chapter one/Introduction

Most of the deaths are occurred around the world based on cancer. Breast and Cervical cancers are the most live killing diseases of women patients in and around the world (Susan et al., 2018). Breast cancer is occurred in women patient externally and it can be detected by scanning the breast region. The women patients who are affected by breast cancer, can check themselves, hence it can be detected in women patients at an earlier manner as depicted in Kwok et al., (2011). The cervical cancer is also occurred in the women patient internally and it can be detected by scanning the internal region of the vagina. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) virus (NCCC, 2010) is the main cause of cervical cancer formation in women patients. This virus initially affects the cells in the cervical region of the women patients and spreads over the entire region of the cervix (Robbins et al., 2009).The women patients who are affected by cervical cancer, unable to check themselves, hence it cannot be detected at an earlier stage. Hence, death ratio of the women patients is high due to cervical cancer. The cells inside the cervix are
categorized into squamous cells and glandular cells as stated in Mouelhi et al., (2013). Squamous cell carcinoma is the type of cervical cancer which is occurred in women patients due to infection of squamous cells in cervix region and adenocarcinoma, which is another type of cervical cancer which is occurred in the women patients due to the infection of glandular cells in cervix region (American Cancer Society, 2011). Squamous cell carcinoma affects the outer region of the cervix only and adenocarcinoma affects the inner region of the cervix. The cervical cancer in women can be screened by either Pap smear test or Cervicogram test (Katz et al., 2010).
The main reason for the death due to cervical cancer in women patients is that it cannot be detected at an earlier stage and the patients can not receive any symptoms until they reach final stage of the cancer. The death ratio of the women patients can be reduced if it is detected at an earlier stage only. Hence, this paper proposes a methodology to detect the cervical cancer at an earlier stage to prevent death of women patients. Conventional methods are based on human experts and it is time consuming process. Further, it is not suitable for the developing countries having large population due to the lack of trained experts or radiologist in this field (Susan et al., 2018). Hence, there is a requirement of fully automated methodology for cervical cancer detection. The cervix region, which is the main region of interest within the cervigram, is located in the central part of the image (Song et al. 2015; Sulaimana et al., 2011). Typical uterine cervix image of normal and abnormal case is shown in Figure 1.
In this paper, an automatic system for the detection of cervical Cancer is proposed for earlier detection of Cancer in female patients. Section 2 presents the conventional methodologies for cervical Cancer detection and Section 3 elaborates the proposed cervical Cancer detection and segmentation system. Section 4 discusses the experimental results and Section 5 concludes the work.