Design and Implementation of Magnetic levitation Train System

Design and Implementation of Magnetic levitation Train System 

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION

    Background to the study

Overcoming the grip of the earth’s gravity has been a major challenge for years. However, the work of scientists and engineers who have found many ways to levitate a variety of objects is being applied in the field of transportation in several countries.

A long with the increase of population and expansion in living zones, automobiles and air services cannot afford mass transit anyone. Accordingly, demands for innovative means of public transportation have increased. In order to appropriately serve the public, such a new-generation transportation system must meet certain requirements.

Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) uses magnetic levitation to propel vehicles. With maglev, a vehicle is levitated a short distance away from a “guide way” using magnets to create both lift and thrust. High-speed maglev trains promise dramatic improvement for human travel.

The Magnetic Levitation (Maglev) train is one of the best candidates to satisfy: rapidity, reliability and safety. While conventional train drives forward by using friction between wheels and rails, the maglev train replaces wheels by electromagnets and levitates on the guide way, producing propulsion force electromechanically, without any contacts.

The Maglev train looks to be very promising solution for the near future, many researchers have developed technologies such as modeling and analysis of linear electric machinery superconductivity, permanent magnets.

Problem Statement

 

The Wheel-on-rail systems suffers from numerous problems mostly is caused by the friction because of the weight that the train applies to the rail which cause loss in energy. The wheel-on-rail systems can’t reach high speeds. The wheel-on-rail systems are environmentally unfriendly; it can be represented as the conventional train.

Conventional train drives forward by using friction between wheels and rails. This friction causes many problems such as noise, vibration, reduces acceleration and needs periodical maintenance.

The maglev train replaces wheels by electromagnets and levitates on the guide way, producing propulsion force electromechanically without any contact.

   Objectives

The main objective of this study is to:

  • Design a magnetic levitating system
  • Build a maglev train model

   Methodology

  • To study the mechanism of the magnetic fields and the relationship between the levitation/movement and the
  • Build a levitating moving ‘maglev’ train model
  • Designing and modeling a levitation system

   Project lay-out

The project consists of five chapters: Chapter One presents an introduction to the principles of the project, project motivation and objectives. Chapter Two consists of theoretical background of automatic control, magnetic levitation, magnetic levitation train, microcontroller system, PID controller, nonlinear systems, linearization of nonlinear systems, transistor and freewheeling diode. Chapter Three concerns with system description, system hardware and software and modeling. Chapter Four presents the simulation and result , the system fabrication , the system control circuit implementation, the prototype design and the testing. Finally, Chapter Five presents a conclusion and recommendations for future works.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

  Page

No.

 

 

I
DEDICATION Ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
ABSTRACT Iv
المستخلص V
TABLE OF CONTENTS vi
LIST OF FIGURES Ix
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi
LIST OF SYMBOLS xii
CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 
1.1 General concepts 1
1.2 Problem Statement 2
1.3 Objectives 2
1.4 Methodology 2
1.5 project layout 3
CHAPTER TWO

THEORETICAL REVIEW

 

BACKGROUND

 

and

 

LITERATURE

 
2.1 control system 4
2.2 Magnetic Levitation 10
2.3 Magnetic Levitation Train 11
2.4 Motors 15

 

2.5 Sensors 15
2.6 Microcontroller 15
2.7 Proportional Integral Derivative controller 18
2.8 Nonlinear System 19
2.9 Linearization of Nonlinear Systems 19
2.10 Transistor 20
2.11 Freewheeling diode 20
CHAPTER THREE

MODELING AND DESIGNING

 
3.1 System Description 23
3.2 System Hardware 23
3.3 System Software 32
3.4 Modeling 33
CHAPTER FOUR

SIMULATION AND RESULTS

 
4.1 Simulation and result 37
4.2 Design of PD controller 38
4.3 System fabrication 40
4.4 Rail and trailer 40
4.5 Magnetic levitation 42
CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

 
5.1 Conclusion 46
5.2 Recommendations 46
REFERENCES 47

 

APPENDIX A 48
APPENDIX B 50

 

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED AIRPLANE PASSENGER MANIFEST INFORMATION

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTERIZED AIRPLANE PASSENGER MANIFEST INFORMATION  A CASE STUDY OF SOSOLISO AIRWAYS

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

1.1     OVERVIEW OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

This passenger manifest information (PMI) is a kind of records that help individual flight to organized their passenger in a flight. This record in the flight. This record help them to know the members of passenger in the flight, without their records they can known the numbers of passenger in the flight. So the passenger manifest information contained the:

  • Full name
  • Date of birth
  • Social security number
  • Emergency contact
  • Telephone number

From passenger traveling on flight with sosoliso airline (e.g., during the sosoliso airline disaster family assistance act of December 10th 2005. this law was passed to address the difficult associated with notification of the families in the aftermath of sosoliso airline crashes). This proposal is also being issued to fulfill a recommendation contained in the initial and final report of families that has be affect in the crashes. This passenger manifest information (PMI), is used to point out identify data elements  that may point to a passenger who represents a security risk. Once highlighted, analytical specialists can them manually review these records and identify those  passengers who should be subjected to additional screening upon their arrival.

 

  • DESCRIPTION AND ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

This study is all about the passengers manifest information (PMI) which is a records of individual passenger in the flight.

The researcher visited sosoliso airline and find out that the passenger manifest information contained the records of passenger (e.g., full name, date of birth and or social security number, emergency contact and telephone number). Which help them to organize their flight.

The examination of the existing system to determine what must be accomplished and the best method of accomplishing the necessary operation is know as SYSTEM ANALYSIS. The stages involved in the system analysis are listed below.

  • The type of processing to be done by the system
  • The input data “captured’ for the system
  • The output required
  • The file which could be kept and used
  • The nature of processing i.e. its logic procedure stage and frequency.

 

  • METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

The researcher visited sosoliso airline and find out that the passenger manifest information (PMI) contained the records of passengers, which help them to organize their flight.

SOURCE OF DATA

This data is used in this research work were collected from primary and secondary source hence, they comprise of the following sources:

  • Direct interview in (sosoliso airline)
  • The internet
  • Unpublished books (project)
  • Pamphlets of general knowledge.

1.4     INTERVIEW METHOD

The researcher use the method of unstructured interview to carried out the research to know about the passenger manifest information in sosoliso airline. It ash one of the staff in the engineer department, the researcher know that the passenger manifest information contain the name, date of birth, contact address etc, of a passengers that booking for ticket to travel in a flight in the sosoliso airline company.

 

REFERENCE TO WRITING TEXT

The researcher used this material to carried out it’s project work. This material are:

  • Sosoliso airline company (engineer department)
  • Unpublished books (project)
  • From the federal register: March 13 1997 volume 62, number 49. online via GPO access (wais.access.gpo.gov)
  • Presented by the IATA: Agenda items: facilitation and security of travel documents and boarder control 2.4: advance passenger information (API) airline reservation system and passenger name record (PMI) access by states.

 

INPUT ANALYSIS

The necessary input to the system includes the following:-

  • Full name
  • Date of birth
  • Social security number
  • Emergency contact
  • Telephone number

The full name of individual passenger that booking for the flight indicates the records of passenger that travel in sosoliso airline.

The date of birth. Is the day that the passenger was born in that particular city or country.

The social security number: is a kind of information that no two person have it belong to one person alone.

Emergency contact: Is the places of the passengers that booking for the flight in Sosoliso airline.

Telephone number: This is a kind of information that can be used to reach the passenger that booking in sosoliso airline of this is globalization network that has be used to reach people in different places. Below is a diagrammatic representation of the passenger manifest information in Sosoliso airline Enugu”.

Where are you going?

I’m flying: from To

Options: class

Return one way

Class: Economy first class

WHERE ARE YOU GOING

Leave: Day month morning coming back: Day month evenining number of passengers:

Adults (over 12 years) 1 children aged 2 – 12 years 0 infants under 2 years 0

TITLE SELECT A TITLE

First name:

Surname:

Children name (if any):

PROCESS ANALYSIS

The process involve the transformation of available input data inot useful output in this particular study, this entails matching projects with their appropriate passenger manifest information in such a way as to satisfy the criteria of requirements and suitability: Thus, a project is picked from the scheduled proposed project list, its passenger information requirements matched against the passenger manifest information attributes of various location until a perfect already obtained. If a similar project already exists in the location that matched another and they may be good match is used a s a substitute site for the project.

OUTPUT ANALYSIS

After processing using the necessary input data, the output from the system include: the passenger information such has, full name, date of birth emergency contact, social security number, and telephone number.

PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The existing system has numerous disadvantages and inherent dangers.

  • Basic Approach: Passengers would be defined broadly to include confirmed, ticketed passengers as well as standing bys, walk-ups, lap infants, those rerouted from another flight or our carrier, and non-revenue passengers. At this time, we expect that the sosoliso passenger manifest information would consist of passenger:
    1. Full name;
    2. Date of birth (DOB)
  • Social security number;
  1. Contact name
  2. Contact telephone number.

Further, we envision the information would be transmitted to the department of transportation (DOT) and the national transportation safety board (NTSB) as soon as possible, but no later than three hours, after the sosoliso disaster.

  • Frequent flyer information and a sosoliso passenger manifest information requirement. We understand that more extensive passenger information is kept on hand for frequent flyers, and that frequent flyers account for over one-half of all passengers traveling in sosoliso airline.
  • Privacy considerations and fraud issues. What privacy issued are raised by a sosoliso passenger manifest information requirement as outlined above? Will manifest information be subject to subpoena by private litigants and law enforcement agencies? What fraud issued, if any, are raised by implementing the above sosoliso passenger manifest information requirement? What are the implications for personal privacy that would result if sosoliso airline were required to collect any of the following information from passengers: full name, date of birth, social security number, emergency contact and phone number? What types of safeguards, if any, should be placed upon the passenger manifest information that is collected by sosoliso airline.
  • Coverage of sosoliso passenger manifest information requirement and the differing implications, if any, for different types of airline that would be covered. We envision and charter operators would be covered by a sosoliso passenger manifest information requirement”, scheduled and charter airline, as well as air trails and commuter.

 

JUSTIFICATION OF THE NEW SYSTEM

(1)     It satisfies the user requirement at the right time with in an acceptable level of accuracy

(2)     It provides an effective security measure in order to avoid loss of stored data in the master file and also avoid fraud.

(3)     It provides an adequate coding system to aid identification, comparison sorting, unification and elimination of ambiguities (error).

(4)     It provides check and control, which are capable of detecting and dealing with exceptional circumstances and errors.

(5)        It provides an adequate insight on policy matter and their effects on the passenger manifest information requirement system

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE CASH RECEIPT GENERATING SYSTEM FOR A SUPERMARKET

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE CASH RECEIPT GENERATING SYSTEM FOR A SUPERMARKET

ABSTRACT

This project was centered on online cash receipt generating system. The current process of cash receipt generation is being operated manually and due to this procedure numerous problem are been encountered. A design was taken to computerized the manual process in order to check this problem. The problems were identified after series of interviews and examination of documents after which analysis was made and a computerized procedure recommended. This project will also suggest how to successfully implement the computerized procedure and to overcome the obstacle that would hinder the successful implementation of the system. The new system was designed using Microsoft asp.net server side language and HTML. This language was chosen because of its object oriented features and wealth of .NET class libraries for developing online based applications.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Statement of the problem
Purpose of the study
Aim and Objectives
Scope Delimitation

CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 History of On-line Cash transaction
2.2 Concept of On-line Shopping
2.2.1 Concept of Computer Networking and The Internet
2.2.2 Internet Access
2.2.3 Concept of Internet Gateways
2.2.4 The World Wide Web and Its Benefits
2.3 Merchant Account

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY, SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.0 Introduction
3.1 Research Methodology
3.2 Analysis of Case Study
3.2.1 Organizational Structure
3.2.2 Sources of Data
3.3 Problems Associated With The Current System
3.4 New System Design
3.4.1 System Proposal
3.4.2 Design Objectives
3.4.3 Input/Output Specifications

CHAPTER FOUR:SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Main Menu
4.2 Web Development
4.2.1 Language Development
4.2.2 System Flowchart
4.3 Program Hardware Requirements
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CHAPTER FIVE:SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Summary
5.2 Conclusions
5.3 Recommendations
Appendix
References

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Abstract: Recently, all over the world, crime against children is increasing at higher rates and it is high time to offer safety
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systems give information about the children group and not about each child resulting in low assurance about their child safety to
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