ECOWAS FREE MOVEMENT PROTOCOL; IMPLICATIONS FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION WITHIN THE WEST AFRICAN SUB-REGION

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Trans-outskirt development happens to be the significant issue of talk among the different provincial and sub-local associations around the world. It has been stated that human

development in West Africa alone has been in the investigation and discourse of writing for quite a while. There is further attestation that propose that exchange, want for greener field, urbanization, farming, mining, modern generation, innate clashes, instability in the earth, the expansion corruption of the grounds, dry spell and extreme country destitution are a portion of the components that increments and energize this movement drift (DFID, 2004). Before the outstanding scramble for Africa and the notorious subjective limit depiction, tenants in the West African sub-district kept up elevated structures in the idea of developments over the different levels including dialect, social, conventions, and traditions.

Reasons that record for the movement of individual and people in and over the west Africa sub districts, the nature and premise of trades the kept up and beyond what many would consider possible builds up a typical securities have not been “tempered maybe because of powerful detachment of friends and relatives into two separate nations nor was the local dialect messed with” (Adeola and Fayomi, 2012: 1). There accomplishment of opportunity politically and also increasing political power from expansionism made offensive interruptions in these zones rather expanding high talks among West African states much more objective. Amid post-autonomy, the time saw a consistent and quick improvement of both political and financial connection among the different nations. Over the past few years, this mentality has reorganized, directed, and encouraged policy formation and procedures which lay emphasis on political and socio economic development as well as the promotion of security and the unionization of the citizens.

The inauguration of ECOWAS as a parent association was for the purpose of achieving global integration without endangering or torching bonds from the historical perspective most especially those within and among the various sub. The institution was primarily tasked with the objective of ensuring that the sub-regions are transformed into a society. The basis of this

is manifested in the various agreements and protocols selected by representatives of the various communities which makes it possible for the eliminations of all obstacles common to development and peace (United Nations, 2006). By method for keeping up the nearby personalities, way and way of getting things done, conventions and the religions of the different gatherings inside the different sub areas, the ends of impediments to help the free development of nationals of these states was obviously advanced subsequently the marking and becoming effective of the Protocol of ECOWAS on the development of people openly, the privilege to live and also the privilege to build up in part nations some place in 1979 (ECOWAS, 2006; Opanike, Aduloju and Adenipekun, 2015; and Opanike, Olayode and Aduloju, 2015). It is additionally expressed that, per the necessity of Article 27 of the ECOWAS Agreement, there is the arrangement for opportunity of development and living arrangement.

The assention additionally gives the native of part expresses the privilege to dwell and build up anyplace inside the region (ECOWAS, 1979). Without a doubt, this understanding was relied upon to upgrade and increment collaboration among the nations and additionally the whole sub locales with its natives. The assention for example has increment ceaseless developments of “displaced people, male and female brokers, cultivate workers and cross outskirt specialists crosswise over fringes.” As far as conceivable there is no motivation to question that this freedom will result in borderless sub district in which there is relied upon to be free stream of products and enterprises (Agyei and Clottey, 2007). Apparently, there has different contention especially in the field of the scholarly community and among the overall population especially on the issues of security suggestion because of ECOWAS Protocol on the free development of people and right of home and also the foundation of states in West Africa. In the course of recent years, inquire about has demonstrated that the said convention

in the West Africa area can’t in any capacity on account of the predominant horrendous and criminal exercises the greater part of which shows up as human trafficking, pirating of products crosswise over visitor, Small Arms and Light Weapons, (SALW) (Onwuka, 1982; Agyei and Clottey, 2007; Clark, 2014; Opanike, Aduloju and Adenipekun, 2015; and Opanike, Olayode and Aduloju, 2015).

In such manner it tends to be understood that, the subjects of the West Africa sub locales are yet to receive the full reward of the arrangement cherished in this Protocol assention because of the way that it has been incompletely been actualized inside its limits. Notwithstanding this situation, it seems some monetary exercises at some fringe post particularly that of Nigeria-Benin have been appeared to increment in size and volume. The pertinence of this fringe isn’t implanted or protected from the way that they accumulate the biggest inflow of cash, exchange, individuals, and work however because of the way that the most crowded nation which happens to be Nigeria in the sub-district happens to be the last goal for products from different nations inside the sub-locale (Blum, 2014: 3-4). It can in this manner be contended that it is on this premise, the outskirt of this two nations keep on attracting real consideration in broad daylight discusses and in the field of scholastic especially on the issues troubling on ECOWAS and with its equal fringe issues, for example, exchange boundaries, arrive hindrances, unlawful checkpoints, debasement, blackmail and terrorizing by fringe authorities (Sossou-Agbo, 2013). There are arrangement of issues liable to involve the operationalization of the very much planned Protocol on the free development of individuals crosswise over and along fringes.

Notwithstanding that impact, a few scientists have likewise contended that such exchange and free development along the outskirt have sex measurements (Central Asia Regional

Economic Cooperation, 2007; Jawando et. al., 2012; Ghils, 2013; and Gyampa, 2014). The sexual orientation measurement is no doubt because of the way that, “ladies have all the earmarks of being effectively take part in fringe exchanging exercises for the most part through moving merchandise through outskirt crossing focuses. Regardless this seem, by all accounts, to be one of the few activities ladies can be occupied with practically zero assets” (Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation, 2007 refered to in Jawando et. al., 2012: 29). Luckily ladies in the West Africa locale additionally participate in outskirt exchange which infers that West Africa isn’t exempted. Notwithstanding this data, there is each motivation to question that there has been even little consideration regarding draw the difficulties and issues looked by ladies brokers at the individual outskirt post of the sub districts and perhaps how this issues or difficulties has encroached on their rights as accommodated in the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons. In spite of the way that men are not exempted frame to the issue talked about above, it is reasonable for motivation such that ladies are the most powerless in the general public who experience the ill effects of the said challenges and beyond what many would consider possible structures the prime target of this investigation subsequently the need on their core interest.