EFFECT OF AVAILABILITY AND USE OF LABORATORY ON STUDENTS PERFORMANCE IN SCIENCE SUBJECT

AVAILABILITY OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF BIOLOGY

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Biology as a subject of life and living things needs to taught not just theoretically but practically for it be functional and to lay the base foundation needed for science and technological development.

Erickson (2005) noted that for a science teaching and learning to be effective every student must be given an opportunity to handle the materials of science and experience science personally. Biology is the study of life and living things, so a resourceful teacher does not have any reason for teaching biology, supporting him Asiabaka(2010:266) education is the key to national development, it provides the intellectual capability needed by man to enhance the human and material resource for scientific and technological advancement.

To advice the objectives of senior secondary education, the teaching and learning process have to be in order. Thus, Curriculum is planted at different levels of education system by different people. The curriculum of any school is carried out for the purpose of bringing about a change in the behavior of students, It is part of the school academic programme which the school presents to the student in response to societal demand. According to onyedikachi(2011), in educational setting it is impossible to teach without tools. We use new tools to spice up the teaching and learning process to make it possible for students to teach themselves. This is why Ezekoka(2008) states that instructional materials constitute an important component in the teaching and learning environment. She viewed it as the vehicles that carry messages or information from a transmitting source (teacher) to the receiver (learner).

Since the objectives of any biology teaching determines the content, materials and materials needed for achieving such: objectives. The materials use for enhancing instructional effectiveness are aspect of media employed for achieving the instructional objectives recent emphasis on teaching and learning method is on that in which learners are made to have active  participation. Active participation of learners will increase motivation and also minimize abstraction associated with learning. Thus, increasing learning experiences (Afokloi and Adeleke, 2010:406). This can be facilitated by making use of instructional materials and resources which can minimize abstraction associated with learning. Teaching can only be effective when adequate and relevant instructional materials in teaching.

To this end, Onasanwa and Omosewo(2011) defined instructional materials as a system components that may be used as part of instructional process which are used to disseminate information message and idea or which make possible communicable in the teaching process.

Teaching aids are important catalyst of social re-engineering and change in learners. The role of instructional materials or teaching aid to enhance teaching for desired social and behavioral changes cannot be fully accomplished without the use of instructional materials. In modern teaching and learning situation, the utilization of instructional materials have become prominent because several experts and scholars are of the view that teaching will be better done if teaching aids or audio-visual aids are used and skill, students learn better if they are exposed to use the teaching materials no matter how prototype it would be.

It is against this background that the researcher deemed it necessary to investigate the Availability of instructional materials on academic performance of biology students in Obot Akara

Statement of the Problem

The ultimate goal of any instructional activity is to facilitate effective teaching and meaningful learning and the teacher is responsible for the translation, and implementation of educational policies, curriculum,instructional materials package and assessment of a school outcome. When a curriculum is developed without adequate support by appropriate and sufficient materials and information technology support, there is a waste and when teachers are inadequately trained to interpret the curriculum and to create and use learning materials there is also a waste (Amoo, 2002). It has been observed that public schools lack basic instructional facilities, in some cases students are achieved to buy chalks and other instructional materials for the teaching and learning process. Consequently, students academic performance have been poor as it can be seen over the years through public examination and other examinations. In our senior secondary schools, teaching materials needed for teaching biology subjects are not made available to teachers and at affordable price to students where necessary, the teachers and students are therefore denied of the requisite exposure to such materials. This study therefore pose as a question, what are the effect of using instructional materials to teach  biology in senior secondary schoolDownload Full Material-N5000

AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF COVID 19 ON EDUCATION IN NIGERIA  A STUDY OF SCIENCE STUDENTS JALINGO

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, was declared as a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th of March, 2020 after it has spread to many countries of the world. It has also caused more than 171 countries of the world to close their educational institutions for several months in the year 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on education is bizarre and unprecedented in history because more than 1.5 billion students from across the globe have been affected by school closure. Most Nigerian students and other African or underdeveloped countries were more disadvantaged because most educational institutions in Nigeria still follow the traditional set-up of face-to-face lectures in normal classroom settings. This opinion article highlights the importance of online education in a time of global pandemic and natural disaster. It also examines the strengths and challenges of online education.Download Full Material-N5000

Methods of Teaching and Learning molecular biology, biophysics, and biochemistry in Colleges In United Kingdom

Introduction

Teaching methods, or the ways in which a teacher tries to impart the necessary knowledge or experience, are used to instruct students (Ndirangu, 2007). The subject matter to be taught, the objectives the instructor hopes to achieve, the accessibility of teaching and learning resources, the instructor’s capacity and willingness to improvise in the absence of traditional teaching aids, evaluation and follow-up activities, and the unique learning styles of each student are just a few of the variables that affect the instructor’s selection of a particular method of instruction (Ndirangu, 2007).

The teaching strategies employed differ from nation to nation depending on the knowledge or skills being imparted, as well as the ability and motivation of the students. Numerous studies on teaching strategies have been undertaken. For instance, Asikhia (2010) discovered that while teacher qualifications and the learning environment of students do not affect students’ bad performance, teachers’ teaching strategies do.

Additionally, the medium of education influences the teaching strategies. For instance, where English is the medium of instruction, the strategies must be more interactive than passive (Pillar and Skilling, 2005). Additionally, it made the case that school teachers urgently need to learn more about productive methods for instructing English language learners (Thompson, 2004). According to Guloba, Wokodola, and Bategeka (2010), teacher-centered methods are frequently utilized in classrooms, particularly in developing nations. These methods are thought to be fairly poor at transmitting knowledge.

Other countries no longer employ these techniques. Since traditional teaching methods do not inspire students to participate in the learning process, problem-life learning is becoming more and more popular as a teaching method at educational institutions as a way to solve their shortcomings (Teo and Wong, 2000). However, more recently, there has been a push in the educational sector for a paradigm change that puts the learner first (Ndirangu, 2007), while other schools of thought support teaching strategies that involve student participation (Sajjad, 2011).

Despite these arrays of teaching methods being advocated in literature there is no one universally accepted method. The question still remains is which of these teaching methods contribute to failure or success of students’ performance especially in developing countries like Nigeria where the causes of poor performance is not well understood.Download Full Material-N5000