Large mammals as ecotourism potential in Omo forest reserve in Nigeria

In this research, fresh harvested date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. “Stamaran” was treated with hot water rinsing and dried (HWR) at 50 °C (HWR-50), 60 °C (HWR-60) and 70 °C (HWR-70). The effect of these heat treatments on fruit quality was investigated during 6 months at ambient temperature storage (25 °C of temperature and 75% of humidity). Moisture, pH, color, weight loss, Brix and firmness of the samples were studied. Results indicated that during storage the moisture content and color changed significantly. The major change was observed for firmness where a maximum force for puncture test varied from about 3.5 to 2 N forces for all samples after 6 months of storage at 25 °C. Harvesting at Tamr stage followed by treating the fruits with hot water, drying and storing at 25 °C (Especially HWR-70) showed to be a promising method for maintaining date palm fruit storage quality.

EFFECTS OF ANESTHETIC CHLOROFORM, DIETHYLETHER AND KETAMINE ON LIVER  PARAMETERS OF ADULT ALBINO RATS

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Rats are one of the most widely used organisms in  medical researches and  student  projects for their advantages in easy breeding and treatment as well as organs isolation, blood inspiration and special disease or syndrome induction Iannaccone,M. Philip and Jacob,J.Howard. (2009). Although of all the above advantages, the student still faced the challenges when using rats in their experiments, especially if there is interval collection of blood which may be important for anesthetizing the animal. Therefore, many universities and association protocols issued to deal with laboratory animals through anesthesia Bliss,S.(2017)., all of these protocols recommended to use of Isoflurane as inhaled anesthesia and Ketamine Xylazine for intraperitoneal (IP) injection anesthesia. IACUCGuidelines (2017).

A study conducted by Megan H Nowland .(2017). Constan AA, Wong BA, Everitt JI, Butterworth BE.( 2002 ) using chloroform or diethyl ether as inhaled anesthesia and some observed that 10 ppm chloroform inhalation in mice leads to liver toxicity. The major effect of human exposure to chloroform from acute inhalation is depression of  the  central  nervous system. Chloroform exposure at very high levels (40,000 ppm) can cause death, with concentrations in the range of 1,500 to 30,000 ppm producing anesthesia, and  lower concentrations (<1,500 ppm) resulting in dizziness, headache, tiredness, and other effects Animal Care and Use Committee(2006).^. Effects noted in humans exposed to chloroform  via anesthesia include changes in  respiratory  rate, cardiac effects, gastrointestinal effects such as nausea and vomiting, and effects on hepatic and kidney symptoms. Currently chloroform is not used as a surgical anesthesia . (ATSDR 1997).^.

Comparative analysis of urinary tract infections among students in Quranic and western schools in mashi local government

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infection (UTI) represents a serious health problem .The severity of urinary tract infection depends both on the virulence of the bacteria and the susceptibility of the host. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urinary tract infection and demographic differentials among students. The objectives were to determine the proportion of students who have UTI, identify the common causative organism and to determine difference in UTI occurrence among students based on demographic variables. Two hundred and twenty five students within the period of study were investigated. Personal data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Early morning midstream clean urine samples were collected from all participants who were willing to participate for diagnosis of UTI. Urine samples were cultured using standard loop technique on blood agar, cystein lactose electrolyte deficient medium agar and macconkey agar. The result revealed that a total of 117 (52%) out of the 225 women had UTI. The organism most implicated was E. Coli (30.7%). Higher parity and older maternal age were significantly associated with UTI among students (P < .05). Gestational age, maternal level of education and maternal economic status were not significantly associated with the occurrence of UTI among students (P > .05). From the findings it was concluded that Screening for UTI is important in every students