Antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacterial isolate from fish pond effluent

ABSTRACT

Fish farming is a recognized means of livelihood in Nigeria; however, the intensive use of antibiotics to prevent infection and increase fish yield calls for concern. This practice may lead to the growth of antibiotics resistant bacteria which contains resistant genes that can be transferred to human pathogens, causing treatment‐ resistant illness. This study investigated the antibiotics susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from five fish ponds in Benin City using standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified using morphological characteristics and conventional biochemical tests, while antibiotic susceptibility test was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results showed that total aerobic count of the ponds ranges from minimum 7.85 x 104 cfu/ml recorded in Ekewan fish pond to maximum 135.06 x 104 cfu/ml recorded in Sapele Road fish pond. Bacteria species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp and Klebsiella spp, Pseudomonas spp, Proteus spp and E. coli. Frequency of occurrence and percentage distribution of the isolates showed that Bacillus spp had the highest while Klebsiella spp had the lowest. Community fish pond recorded the highest number of isolates while Adesuwa fish pond recorded the lowest number of isolates. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns showed that majority of the isolates were resistant to perfloxacin (85.18%) and amoxicillin (74.81%). It is suggested that the prophylactic and indiscriminate use of antibiotics may be a predisposing factor in the development of antibiotics resistance among the bacteria isolates. This may pose a threat to human population by transferring these resistant genes to other bacteria of human clinical significance.

Abstract

Effectiveness of different doses of neem extracts and a synthetic organic insecticide against mustard aphid was studied in the experimental farm of the Oilseed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during two consecutive years 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 for the control of mustard aphid. Eight treatments were evaluated against mustard aphid under field condition. The maximum aphid population was (180 per plant) observed at the pod formation stage of mustard crop. Among the treatments, Malataf (Malathion 57EC) @ 2ml/l significantly reduced the highest aphid population (93.75%) over pretreatment which produced the highest seed yield (1440 kg/ha) of mustard. The neem leaf extracts reduced 63.16-72.55% aphid population in mustard while neem seed extract reduced 73-81% aphid population over pretreated plants in both the years. Among the different doses of neem extracts, the highest aphid population reduction over pretreatment (81%) was recorded from 50g neem seed per litre of water treated plots with high MBCR (3.88) followed by 75g neem seed/l treated plots having reduction of 80% and MBCR 3.78

Bacteriological and physio-chemical of food spices

ABSTRACT

There has been constant an increasing the search alternative and efficient compounds for food conservation, aiming a partial or total replacement of antimicrobial chemical additives. Spices offer a promising alternative for food safety. Inhibitory activity of spices and derivatives on the growth of bacteria, yeasts, fungi and microbial toxins synthesis has been well reported, so they could be used in food conservation as main or as adjuvant antimicrobial compounds in order to assure the production of microbiologically stable foods.