Project Topic: Top 20 List of Ideas

The role of African states in the fight against Russia invasion of Ukraine

While the majority of attention has been focused on the crisis’s implications on transatlantic relations and NATO unity, it also acts as a critical litmus test for conceptions of African solidarity and regionalism in general. The African Union (AU), the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), and the Southern African Development Community (SADC), all of which were established to represent this solidarity, have been undermined in recent months by disagreements among heads of state over how to address the recent wave of coups in the Sahel and the rising insurgency across the continent. At large demonstrations in Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Guinea, and Mali, the Russian flag was prominently displayed, and military commanders invited Russian mercenaries from the Wagner Group to confront terrorists.

On the other hand, the AU’s own Constitutive Act of 2002 advocates the inviolability of borders and the principle of territorial integrity. The European Union demanded an immediate ceasefire following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Thursday. According to Kenya’s ambassador to the United Nations in February 2022, an invasion by Russia would imperil Ukraine’s territorial integrity and sovereignty. The Ghanaian ambassador described Russia’s move to recognize eastern Ukraine and withdraw from the Minsk agreements as “disappointing.”

Africa’s leaders have been compelled to find a means to retain a semblance of stability in the face of adversity. South Africa’s BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) grouping of middle-income countries has confounded EU and Ukrainian diplomats for weeks, despite their acknowledgement of the country’s unique relationship with Russia. When Russian forces entered South Africa on Thursday, the South African government took action and requested their withdrawal. It is noteworthy that the Nigerian government did not condemn the invasion or call for a cessation of hostilities.

Numerous African nations are becoming increasingly interested in extending their trade and investment potential through links with both the Western and Asian hemispheres. Russia has exerted both security and economic influence on the continent in recent years. China, a prominent participant in the region, has invested about $3 billion in 2021 alone, and appears to have given the invasion implicit assent. It seems improbable that we will return to the Cold War era, when African leaders were required to pledge allegiance to a foreign power. The critical question now is how African governments will maintain ties with their diverse range of external partners — and with one another — as the geopolitical landscape substantially changes in the aftermath of Ukraine’s outright invasion and violation of international law.

Download Full Material-N5000

Different types of Television Commercials in Nigeria

Different types of Television Commercials Since the time the first ever commercial to be aired on television of Bulova Wat ch Company in July 1, 1941 many categories of advertisements have been formed. T he advertisements have become a part and parcel of daily life and are playing a significant role in decision making of the consumers. Such has become the power of advertisement that even a politician cannot assure his success in election ca mpaign in if he hasn t advertised on television.

The different categories of television advertising are political advertising, promotional advertising, infomercia ls, television commercial donut, promo, and sponsorship.

Political advertising is nothing but reaching out to the citizens of a particula r region to capture their vote bank. It s the most influential advertising method and is also very important as it affects the nation in a big way. The two main platforms to advertise for a political campaign are television and radio known as broadcast media. This also depends on the money raised through political campai gns. The earlier the money raised and the more the money raised, the better the method of advertising. Usually the candidate s party committees contribute the money. To advertise through television specialized consultants are be contacted to buy slots on local or national network. It has been observed that even a candid ate for local office position places an ad on television.

Promotional ads or product placement ads are commercials placed on television by marketers involving commercial products to increase their sales and services. P romotional ads can be featured on television, movies, music videos, books, websi tes and even video games. Good amount of money can be saved by consulting sales executives and by renting location, models and props. Television commercials are popular with automobile industry and James Bond movie s are credited for promoting them. Promotion of cigarettes or any other tobacco products in movies have always been a point of controversy as most of the State Governments have set up a limit for promotion of such items. Authenticity of the products and services being advertised are many times questioned by the consumer as some of them can be misleading. To tackle this, many consumer groups have been formed who ask for complete disclosure of the product from companies advert ising them. In case of any refusal for cooperation of any kind these groups are liable to slam a case against the product and its company.

The product ads can b e differentiated on the basis of appearances like sponsorship, cost reduction or iented, brand integration and fee based. Sponsorship is the contribution by the company to soaps or sports matches. Brand integration is known as the annexing of the product in a movie or video song.

Infomercials are differentiated from other television advertisements on the basis of time. They are usually thirty minutes long like a regular program. They are also known as teleshopping or paid programming. One can catch them at odd hours of the day like early morning or late in the night. It s actually a commercial letting out the complete information about a particular product like expert advice on the product, how it should be used, its cost, and where it is available. The y resemble more like a talk show than to a commercial as the advertisers communicate to viewers with the help of catchy phrases, celebrities and experts.

Television commercial donut is a template. Its like a blueprint and has all the necessary elements to make a finished commercial but the actual product is missi ng. Usually advertisers who find producing a commercial difficult use it. The lo cal networks in return of purchase of airtime on their respective channels usual ly provide the commercial donut. It is a very cost effective method but it has a lack of creativity that will not ensure customer attraction. With the advanceme nts in video editing technology this option is becoming increasingly popular amo ng advertisers.
 

Promos or network promotional advertising involves television advertising. The a mount of commercials that are being hosted on local and national television has been rising by the day and has featured almost everything one can imagine in the world. Sponsoring a program or a channel is done to promote products or a program for a cause. The group or individual supports financially to advertise his product, s ervice or organization. PPPPP Word Count 709

Download Full Material-N5000

What is Banditry in Nigeria ?

Banditry in Nigerian context are groups of armed criminal syndicates that operates in Northern parts of Nigeria with the sole aim of kidnapping for ransom, stealing cows and forcin local commnities to be paying unsolicited dues for them.

Effects of Banditry in Nigeria include;

The effect of banditry in Nigeria can not be over emphasised. The activities of banditry have cost the following devastated effect such as;

• Shortage in agricultural outputs of Nigerian farmers
• Decrease in the Gross National Domestic Products of Nigeria
• Destabilization of academic activities of students((Chukwu, Solomon Ogbu (2021).Effect Of Banditry On The Academic Performance Of Secondary School Students. Accessed on September 2021 at https://projectstore.com.ng/effect-of-banditry-on-the-academic-performance-of-secondary-school-students/))
• Increase in poverty of local residents
• Apprehension of citizens
• Banditry has also cased fear and possible death
• Kidnapped children and affected parents are been traumatized
• Bandits also affects the economy of Nigeria((Chukwu, Solomon Ogbu (2021).The Socio-Economic Impact Of Banditry In Nigeria EconomyAccessed on September 2021 at https://projectstore.com.ng/the-socio-economic-impact-of-banditry-in-nigeria-economy/ ))

Conclusion and Recommendations

From the point raised above, it is evidence that the activities of banditry in Northern region of Nigeria to a greater extend have impacted negatively on the wellbeing of the affected residents and Nigeria atlarge. Government needs to buckle up in their fight against bandits by strengthening the security((Chukwu, Solomon Ogbu (2021).Effect Of Banditry On The Security Apparatus Of Nigeria Under President Buhari Administration.Accessed on September 2021 at https://projectstore.com.ng/the-effect-of-banditry-on-the-security-apparatus-of-nigeria-under-president-buhari-administration-2019-2021/)) architecture of Nigeria. This paper also recommends for massive employment of youths in the armed forces of Nigeria. This will go a long to curtail the menace of banditry if well implemented.

VIEW ALL PROJECT TOPICS ON BANDITRY

Download Full Material-N5000