Category: Pharmaceutical Science Project Topics & Materials

Brachystegia Eurycoma and its flow property on tablets

Brachystegia eurycoma seed mucilage was evaluated for use as a tablet binder in metronidazole formulations in comparison with gelatin. The granules were formulated by the wet granulation method using the extracted mucilage and gelatin as binder at 1, 2, 4, 6%w/w concentrations. The granules were found to possess good flow property as indicated by the angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio and Carr’s index. The formulated tablets were evaluated for uniformity of weight, thickness, tablet hardness, friability, disintegration times, drug assay and dissolution profile. Generally, the tablets formulated from Brachystegia eurycoma seed mucilage were softer than those of gelatin, had good uniformity of weight and disintegrated within the official specified times for uncoated tablets. The tablets had a rapid dissolution rate which indicates the efficacy of Brachystegia eurycoma seed mucilage as a binder where fast release of a drug is desired.

Ethical drug dispensing:a case study of ethical drug dispensing in general hospital

Abstract

Objectives

To identify both type and frequency of the challenges community pharmacists face when dispensing drugs from hospital discharge prescriptions, to describe the measures undertaken to resolve the issues at stake and to list their consequences.Design

We carried out an observational study in the community pharmacies of the French region of Alsace and asked the community pharmacy staff to review 537 hospital discharge prescriptions in 2013 using anonymous data collection forms.Setting and Participants

Nineteen community pharmacies.Main outcome measures

Number of patients informed about their medication (at hospital and/or community pharmacy), type and frequency of issues encountered during drug dispensing, type and frequency of measures undertaken to resolve the issues, type and frequency of the consequences regarding drug dispensing.Results

Community pharmacists faced 165 challenges from 145 hospital discharge prescriptions (i.e. 27.5% out of 528 analysed prescriptions), mostly correlated to the quality of the prescriptions (n = 100, 60.6%) or to logistical matters (n = 54, 32.7%). A mere 36.8% of the patients received information pertaining to their medication while being hospitalized. Of note, 40.5% of the prescriptions were delivered to pharmacies within 2 days following the patients’ discharge. In order to resolve the different issues preventing drugs from being dispensed (n = 33/145 prescriptions), pharmacists sought information, mainly from patients, colleagues and hospital prescribers. The pharmacists were able to dispense all the drugs prescribed in 138 out of 145 cases (95.2%).Conclusions

This study highlighted the challenges encountered by community pharmacists and their significant contribution to the continuity of care upon patients being discharged from hospitals.

Assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of ethanol stem extract of “nkum etto” on bacterial and fungal isolates from respiratory tract infections

survey on a distribution of pharmacist and pharmacy technicians in primary health facilities of bauchi state

AMELIORATIVE EFFECT OF RESVERATROL ON LEAD-INDUCED ORGAN TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

CHAPTER ONE

1.0  INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Lead is a heavy, low melting, bluish-gray metal that occurs naturally in the Earth’s crust. However, it is rarely found naturally as a metal. It is usually found combined with two or more other elements to form lead compounds. For these reasons, lead has been used by humans for millennia and is widespread today in products as diverse as pipes, storage batteries, pigments and paints, glazes, vinyl products, weights, shot and ammunition, cable covers, and radiation shielding. Tetra-ethyl lead was used extensively from the 1930s to the 1970s as a petrol additive to improve engine performance (Rosner and Markowitz, 1985; Landrigan et al., 2002). Tetra-ethyl lead has been eliminated from the petrol supplies of the majority of countries, but is still used in about nine countries (UNEP, 2008).

 

Lead poisoning (also known as Plumbism, Colica Pictonum, aturnism, Devon colic, or painter’s colic) is a medical condition in humans and other vertebrates caused by increased levels of the heavy metal lead in the body (Washington, 2011). Lead interferes with a variety of body processes and is toxic to many organs and tissues including the heart, bones, intestines, kidneys, reproductive and nervous systems. It interferes with the development of the nervous system and is therefore particularly toxic to children, causing potentially permanent learning and behaviour disorders. Symptoms include abdominal pain, confusion, headache, anemia, irritability, and in severe cases seizures, coma, and death (Washington, 2011).