Social Network Analysis: Effect of Data Oversharing

Social Network Analysis Effect of Data Oversharing

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

Background to the Study

Having a social media account is a part of today’s society. Anyone with an internet connection, has 24/7 access to it. It serves as a means for us to connect and build relationships with individuals who have similar interests, giving us the liberty to post, share and comment on anything we find interesting. Social media sites usually provide us a profile page where it consists of any common information and photo we want to share to anyone authorised to view it, if you know how to restrict it.

Anyone active in social media can’t deny that they have posted a personal rant or shared a trending post. Even I can’t deny that I’m guilty of this. There is nothing wrong with sharing things online, though, we may know someone (or this maybe you) that gives too much personal information. They fill our news feeds with their day-to-day activities, location check-ins, or relationship updates. Whilst most of this is benign, (if a mostly a little boring), some elements have the possibility to hide dangers can lurk into oversharing.

Dangers of Oversharing

  • Anyone can know your location

It’s fun to post a status update or a photo online, but posting about your activities several times a every day can be dangerous, especially if it includes a specific location. Sure we are all going to tag location for the Eiffel Tower, Sydney Opera House, or the Golden Gate Bridge. However, one of the most dangerous features on social networking sites is location-based services. It exposes your location and whereabouts, with impressive accuracy, which usually appears on your posts in real-time. If you post three times a day every day, your commute, dinner, coffee stop, and evening out, then that’s a very short time before you have a profile of regular movements. In short, very regularly posting updates on your location and daily activities could give a potential stalker the information they need to track you. This is also an extreme case for caution with younger audiences of course.

  • Targeted open search features

Even if you have set the highest level of restrictions in your privacy settings, there is still no guarantee that you can’t be found on the internet. Two major issues here. Firstly, anyone can be a victim of hackers, and normally without even knowing it. Sharing too much extra information like your phone number, address or credit card number (yep, we have seen that), even on a private setting can give hackers the information required for identity theft. The next thing you know, you’re receiving calls from strangers, unknown purchases, phishing emails, or even second accounts under your name on social media or shopping sites. The second issue is a actually causing even more of a stir. Most social media platforms have it written into the terms and conditions, (which you all read thoroughly right?), that they in fact, under certain circumstances, own the rights to use any content you add to their forum if you have not set the correct setting in privacy. Yes, that could mean any picture, message, video, meme, tagged link of you etc etc etc, all there for the data mining sales. FaceBook for example say in their terms and conditions:

You own all of the content and information you post on Facebook, and you can control how it is shared through your privacy and application settings. In addition:

For content that is covered by intellectual property rights, like photos and videos (“IP content”), you specifically give us the following permission, subject to your worldwide license to use any IP content that you post on or in connection with Facebook (“IP License”). This IP License ends when you delete your IP content or your account unless your content has been shared with others, and they have not deleted it.

When you delete IP content, it is deleted in a manner similar to emptying the recycle bin on a computer. However, you understand that removed content may persist in backup copies for a reasonable period of time (but will not be available to others).

When you use an application, your content and information is shared with the application. We require applications to respect your privacy, and your agreement with that application will control how the application can use, store, and transfer that content and information. (To learn more about Platform, read our Privacy Policy and Platform Page.)

When you publish content or information using the “everyone” setting, it means that you are allowing everyone, including people off of Facebook, to access and use that information, and to associate it with you (i.e., your name and profile picture).

We always appreciate your feedback or other suggestions about Facebook, but you understand that we may use them without any obligation to compensate you for them (just as you have no obligation to offer them).

  • Personal reputation is at stake

Social media gives people the freedom to express their opinions and share experiences with their social followers. But posting too much can also damage your reputation especially of course, if you’re trying to leverage the platform for a business. Photos of partying, being drunk or anything inappropriate for sharing can quickly change how people see you. There is also a strong chance that potential employers could go through your social profile, which can have an effect on your future career.

Though, at this point, you may be thinking “This is a lot of scaremongering” sure, it’s going to be rare of course, but we all know someone who overshares. Being aware of the dangers behind oversharing on social media is very useful, but you should also be aware of early signs you may be oversharing.

Signs You Are Oversharing

  • Posting rants about your job

There are times we want to vent about stresses at our work, our boss, coworkers, poor pay, or bad systems, and you use social media to do it. Don’t, not only is this poor form, it’s also very unprofessional. You’re friends with some of your coworkers, some of which are probably friends with your boss. Don’t be surprised if complaining about your job online will backfire at you.

  • Giving likes or retweets too much value

Some people post to share experiences, and some individuals post to gain likes. Having your post liked or shared gives you a sense of validation or accomplishment. Obviously, the post with the most likes or retweets is the best, so you keep posting about your vacation trips. Ask yourself, ‘am I posting for attention, likes, etc, or to actually add value and keep my friends and family up to date with important information.

  • Posting too many photos (especially of yourself)

You like posting your OOTDs, selfies, and that 15-minute video of your lunch you took, all in one day, bombarding your friends and followers an insight of your day-to-day activities. In all honesty, not only is 90% of this boring and irrelevant, it goes back to our point about being tracked too easily, and open to fraud. Do a vanity stock check. Look at all your images posted over the last 6 months. What percentage are selfies, and selfies with no background reason (just a cropped head shot). It it’s high, then sorry but your are contributing nothing to the platform or the lives of your followers. What percentage, is of your surroundings, and out of that, are they informative. Here a picture of the Late I just bought, not informative, here’s a picture of our state fair, informative. Overall, where do you fall, what percent is all about you, what percent is about contributing. There’s a good balance in there somewhere.

Final Thoughts

Anyone active on social media should be aware of the dangers that could occur on the internet. Whether or not you overshare on social media, you should always be careful on the personal information you add online. Limiting your information and posts will lessen the possibilities of your exposure towards these threats. Social media accounts only ask for our general details like our name, email address and birthdate, other details are optional. Other ways to protect you from the dangers of oversharing are: by disabling your location sometimes, and simply practicing proper content moderation.

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Development of secure M-commerce application for SMEs during COVID-19

Development of secure M-commerce application for small and medium enterprises

Introduction

Mobile commerce, also known as m-commerce or mcommerce, is the use of wireless handheld devices like cellphones and tablets to conduct commercial transactions online, including the purchase and sale of products, online banking, and paying bills. The use of m-commerce activity is on the rise. According to market research company Statista, mobile commerce sales in the United States were an estimated $207.2 billion in 2017.

Technology is  changing changes  our lives  at a  pace faster  than ever. Businesses  and  societies  are  being  shaped by  the  new  technological advancements. Mobile apps are growing at an enormous rate, it seems there is the app for everything, from food, groceries, clothing, booking a taxi ride to renting or sharing a home. SMEs need to adopt and keep pace with this ever-changing technology to grab these opportunities available in abundance.  M-Commerce or mobile commerce is an online channel for  sale  and  purchase  of  products,  services  and  information  through smartphones,  tablet PCs, iPads  and laptops  using wireless  technology (Laudon et. al., 2016). Extensive use of ICTs is shaping our societies and businesses world today. The use of internet in general and smartphones, in particular, has grown at an unprecedented rate worldwide. Smartphone users have grown tremendously and is projected at 2.32 billion by the end of  year  2017  (www.statista.com/statistics).    In  Pakistan  alone,  the smartphone users reached 40 million by the end of 2016. Further, over 2 million internet users in Pakistan every month look to buy a smartphone making it the number one selling item in all of the E-Commerce platforms in  the  country  (tribune.com.pk).  Smartphones  bring  a  wealth  of opportunities  to  businesses  (Causse, A.  2012)  especially  in  terms  of knowledge management (Hopkins, John L. 2012), profiling  customers, recording and tracking purchase history and buying patterns. Usability of mobile  apps  makes  shopping  more  convenient  and  time-saving (Holzinger, et. al. 2012) as people almost at any time have access to their phones. In today’s busy world people are connected through various ICT devices,  such as  laptops, Tablet  Pcs,  PDAs, iPads  but predominantly smartphones which are more portable and necessary for staying in touch with work, family, and friends.  Life without smartphones in this age of high technology and digitized economy is unimaginable. According to the World Bank from 1960 – 2015 the cellular phone subscription grew from 0 to 98.6%, further, low and middle-income world population had 94% cellular subscription (data.worldbank.org).  According to the  same data source, the internet usage worldwide accounted for 43.99% and for low and middle-income population 36.80% by the year 2015. The smartphone usage  statistics  worldwide  and  even  in  developing  countries  show exponential  growth,  30.90%  of  the  world  population  will  be  using smartphones  by  the  year  2017  (www.statista.com/statistics).    These statistics are too big to ignore for any business operating in this strongly interconnected  world  of  digital  economy.  Particularly  SMEs  being flexible  business  enterprises  can  hugely  benefit  from  M-Commerce. These are  typically the  enterprises  with  limited  resources in  terms of finance and HR, in addition, with significant barriers to financial access (Zhao,  et.al. 2016),  larger SMEs  comparatively have  better  access to Finance (Owen, et.al. 2016) but they are a very few in number compared to micro and medium size SMEs.   Limited resources mean that SMEs cannot spend much on marketing, advertising, exploring new markets. M-Commerce has the potential to help SMEs reach vast markets around the globe at a much lower cost, faster speed and instant communication would mean less ambiguity for both the buyer and sellers.

Objectives

The main objective of this study is on the development of secure M-commerce application for small and medium enterprises during Covid-19

Specific Objectives

  • to design an automated mobile based system for sales of goods and services for Covid-19 pandemic
  • to develop a system that store product details using secure database
  • to automate a system that will provide services to users upon request
  • to design a system that will manage every user’s information on the database

 

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DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTER BASED WAREHOUSING INFORMATION SYSTEM A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA PORTS AUTHORITY NPA LAGOS

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A COMPUTER BASED WAREHOUSING INFORMATION SYSTEM A CASE STUDY OF NIGERIA PORTS AUTHORITY NPA LAGOS

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Warehouse is where goods and commodities are kept for further clearance.  Narrowing it to Nigeria Ports Authority, there are many warehouses where imported consignment and goods are stored.  This is cleared by carrying the billing papers from post to post, waiting and wasting much time in seeing who is in charge.  Goods that takes about two weeks to berth into the country takes another two weeks to get cleared.  This makes the importers and the clearing agents to run from port to port, in search of where the goods were kept.

The introduction of computer in warehousing will enable importers know which and where their goods are kept, as it will always be stipulates on the bill of laden papers.  Computer is hereby seen as a way of handling, by systematically organizing them, recording or making notations on them, following up with the appropriate action or the like.

1.2  STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The processing of billing papers for clearance of goods, with manual method has led to omission of many records that ought to be included.  This is caused by inaccuracy of the manual billing process.

Due to the inefficiency in manual billing process, billing papers are carried from post to post, waiting for who is in charge, thereby delaying the goods that suppose to be delivered.

More so, goods are not delivered on time, due to the fact, that goods that takes about two weeks to get into the country, still takes another two weeks to be cleared.

1.3  AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

The purpose of this is study is to

  1. Identify those problems caused by using manual billing clearance
  2. Finding out the effect of this in Nigeria Ports Authority
  3. Create computer awareness
  4. Identify prospects for solution of problems.

 

  • SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This research, base on the problem and prospect of using computer in Nigeria Ports Authority, will help to develop interest towards computer.

The findings of this research will also help the management to increase the income generation of Nigeria Ports Authority and smooth running of the warehouse in general.

1.5  SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The researcher will identify all the problems, including the financial constraints of the problems, encounter with the use of manual billing clearance in warehousing.

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

Due to the financial constraints of the researcher and lack of time, the researcher is concentrating the study in only Nigeria Ports Authority Lagos.

 

  • DEFINITION OF TERMS

GOOD- Goods carried in a ship

TONNAGE- A measure of the capacity of a ship (1 ton = 100 cubic feet)

PORT- A place where ship load and unload goods shattered form storms.

VESSEL- A ship for transport by water

BILL OF LOADING- A list giving details of a ships goods

CONSIGNCE- A person or company to whom goods are sent forms the counting of export and who receives them.

MANIFEST- A list of all goods on the ship

WHARF- This is a landing stage built along the shares for loading or unloading vessels.

LABOUR- An area of water protected from the open sea by land or walls in which ships can shelter.

BERTH- This is a place in the wharf where a ship can be died up or swing at anchor.

PORT OF LOADING- A place where ships load goods and leave for the definition.

PORT OF DISCHARGE- A place where unload goods from poof of loading.

OCEAN FREIGHT- This is an amount charged by the carrier by the carrier for transportation of goods by sea.

VOYAGE- A journey by water mostly a long one in a ship.

SHIPPING- This is the process of pulling things on in a ship or transportation goods by ship

WAREHOUSE- This is a store house

TRASNPORT- This is carriage of goods from one place to another

SAILING- This is the movement of ship on a sea from one place to another

CUSTOM- This are the people that are in charge of checking the vessel if it contains any contraband items and the paper that contains the particulars of the container in the vessels.

ROTATION NUMBER- A number allocated by the department of customs and exercise to every ship entering into future use.

COMPUTER- This is an electronic machine that accepts data as input, process it using a set of instructions and given out result as output. It also stores information which could be received for future use.

DATA- This are raw fact that have not been processed.

DISK- It is a storage device that stores data or information.

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DESIGN AND ASSIMILATION OF TEN USER E-MAIL PLATFORM

DESIGN AND ASSIMILATION OF TEN USER E-MAIL PLATFORM A CASE STUDY OF RAINBOW NET LTD

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page
Certification Page
Dedication
Acknowledgement
Table of Contents
Abstract
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background to the study
1.2 Statement of the Problem
1.3 Objectives of the study
1.4 Significance of the study
1.5 Scope and Delimitation of the study
1.6 Definition of Operational terms
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Analysis of the existing system
3.3 Weakness of the existing system
3.4 Data collection techniques
3.5 Analysis of the proposed system
3.6 System Flowchart
3.7 Entity Relationship Diagram
3.7.1 Data Dictionary

CHAPTER FOUR: SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION
4.1 Program Development
4.2 System Requirement
4.2.1 Software Requirement
4.2.2 Hardware Requirement

4.3 System Interface
4.3.1 Input Interface
4.3.2 Output interface
4.4 System Performance
4.5 System Training
4.6 Conversion to the Proposed System
4.7 System Documentation
4.8 System Maintenance

CHAPTER FIVE: SUMMARY, RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION
5.1 Summary
5.2 Recommendations
5.3 Conclusion
References
Appendices

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