Successful Strategies For Project Defense For Nigeria Students

For students in the tertiary institutions across the globe, project defense is an academic endeavor most students consider as a great feat that sends chills down their spine whenever they think about it.

But it doesn’t really have to be that way, project defense can also be considered as a normal oral test where students can have fun interacting with their lecturers yet still focused and making far more sense.

The thought of defending their project seem t be the beginning of woe and troubles for some students and this doesn’t in any way help them during the defense day as they get to be all fidgety and panicky while entering the hall.

To avoid the stress of the panic moment during your project defense, it is pertinent to observe some crucial tips before and on the said defense day.

Strategies For Project Defense in Nigeria

  • Be familiar and interested in your project work
  • Know your audience
  • Checkup possible questions
  • Practice and practice more
  • Work with time
  • Work on your nerves
  • Dressing Code

Be familiar and interested in your project work

So many potential defense students make the mistake of writing on a topic they have no particular interest in, either they are forced by their supervisors or colleagues to write on such project topic or they craft their topic based on pre-written topics on the net but not withstanding where the work is crafted from, familiarization with the work should be inevitable.

Know your audience

Well getting a heads up about who will be amongst the defense team is actually a credit to you as it will help prepare your mindset on what to expect and reactions to expect while you’re addressing the panel.

Checkup possible questions

Inasmuch as you don’t expect the lecturers to follow a trend of questions it is still pertinent that you check up possible questions that may be asked during your defense and try to answer them I the best possible ways.

It will be a gross disappointment that a question will be asked and u are so unprepared to tackle it in your capacity.

Practice and practice more

Many students make the mistake of leaving the bulk of their work until the eleventh hour before rushing over it to meet up the standard preparation level.

Practice as it is usually said makes one perfect but I will say practice and practicing more will boost your confidence level and help you get more comfortable doing what you’re meant to do.

Work with time

As you prepare for your project defense it is of sole importance that you work with time so you don’t get caught unawares.

During your practice hours, keep a stopwatch or an alarm clock handy to keep yourself in check with the actual minutes you will be given during the[b] project defens[/b]e and be sure to use the limited time to answer most of the relevant questions as much as possible and be straight to the point with the answers you give.

Work on your nerves

You are definitely expected to be bold as much as you can be but being nervous before the big even is quite inevitable and should be expected.

At this point it is up to you to work on yourself and tune your mindset to face the challenge head on. Looking bold and confident during the defense is a credit to you so you need to keep the nerves in check

Dressing Code

First impression I everything in life and it matters what impression you give out first before you start speaking your look says more to your audience. Make sure you wear clothes appropriate for the event, well washed and ironed it doesn’t have to be expensive but it has to be presentable and appealing, good personal hygiene is inexcusable here.

Source; Medium

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The socio economic and cultural factors impeding realization of right to health survey

Introduction

The right to health is a fundamental human right recognized by international law and is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The right to health encompasses not only the absence of disease but also includes access to healthcare services, adequate nutrition, safe water, and sanitation. However, in Nigeria, the realization of the right to health is impeded by various socio-economic and cultural factors. This thesis aims to explore the socio-economic and cultural factors that impede the realization of the right to health in Nigeria.

Socio-economic factors

Poverty is one of the most significant socio-economic factors that impede the realization of the right to health in Nigeria. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, over 40% of Nigerians live below the poverty line. Poverty limits people’s ability to access healthcare services, pay for medical treatment, and purchase essential medicines. In addition, poverty often leads to malnutrition, which can increase the risk of diseases and impair the immune system.

Unemployment and inequality are other socio-economic factors that affect the realization of the right to health in Nigeria. High unemployment rates and income inequality limit people’s ability to access healthcare services and contribute to poor health outcomes. Inequality in healthcare services also exists, with many rural areas having inadequate healthcare infrastructure and health workers.

Cultural factors

Culture plays a significant role in health-seeking behaviors in Nigeria. Traditional beliefs and practices can prevent people from seeking medical treatment or adhering to medical advice. For example, some people believe that illnesses are caused by supernatural forces, and traditional healers are more effective than modern medicine. This belief can lead to delays in seeking medical treatment, which can worsen health outcomes.

In addition, some cultural practices, such as female genital mutilation, can have negative health outcomes. Female genital mutilation increases the risk of complications during childbirth and can lead to chronic pain, infection, and even death.

Other factors

Inadequate funding for healthcare, corruption in the healthcare sector, and inadequate healthcare policies and programs also impede the realization of the right to health in Nigeria. The government’s inadequate allocation of resources to the healthcare sector has led to poor healthcare infrastructure, low morale among health workers, and inadequate medical supplies. Corruption in the healthcare sector also limits access to healthcare services and increases the cost of medical treatment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the realization of the right to health in Nigeria is impeded by various socio-economic and cultural factors. Addressing these factors requires a multifaceted approach that involves improving healthcare infrastructure, increasing funding for healthcare, and implementing healthcare policies that are culturally sensitive and responsive. It also requires educating people about the importance of seeking medical treatment and the dangers of traditional beliefs and practices that can negatively impact health outcomes. Addressing these factors will not only improve the health outcomes of Nigerians but also ensure that everyone has access to quality healthcare services, which is their fundamental human right.

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Comprehensive Knowledge About Pap Test

A Pap test is the most common test used to look for early changes in cells that can lead to cervical cancer. This test is also called a Pap smear. It involves gathering a sample of cells from the cervix. The cervix is the part of the uterus that opens to the vagina.

The sample is placed on a glass slide or in a bottle containing a solution to preserve the cells. Then it is sent to a laboratory for a pathologist to examine under a microscope. A pathologist is a doctor who specializes in reading laboratory tests and evaluating cells, tissues, and organs to diagnose disease. A pathologist can identify abnormal cells by looking at the sample.

Abnormal cells can be cancerous, but they are most often treatable, precancerous cellular changes, rather than cervical cancer. Some of the cells collected from the cervix during a Pap test may also be tested for human papillomavirus, also called HPV. Infection with HPV is a risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV is most commonly passed from person to person during sexual activity. There are different types, or strains, of HPV. Some strains are more strongly linked with certain types of cancer.

Your health care provider may test for HPV at the same time as a Pap test. Or you may need testing for HPV only after Pap test results show abnormal changes to the cervix. HPV testing may also be done separately from a Pap test. Learn more about HPV and cancer.

How often you need to have a Pap test depends on your age, results of previous tests, and other factors. .

Who performs my Pap test?

A gynecologist typically performs a Pap test. A gynecologist is a medical doctor who specializes in treating diseases of a woman’s reproductive organs. Sometimes other health care providers perform Pap tests. This may include primary care doctors, physician assistants, or nurse practitioners. If the person performing the test is a man, a female assistant or nurse may also be in the room.

If the results of the Pap test show cervical cancer, your health care provider will refer you to a gynecologist or an oncologist. An oncologist is a doctor who specializes in treating cancer.

How should I prepare for a Pap test?

To ensure that the Pap test results are as accurate as possible, do not have sexual intercourse for 2 to 3 days before the test. Also, to avoid washing away abnormal cells, do not use the following for 2 to 3 days before the test:

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  • Birth control foams
  • Vaginal medicines
  • Douches
  • Vaginal creams or powders

The best time to schedule your Pap test is at least 5 days after the end of your menstrual period. A Pap test can be done during your menstrual period, but for good results it is better to schedule the test at another time because the additional cells can obscure cervical cells and partly because this part of the menstrual cycle is when the female organs are most inflamed

During the Pap test

Your health care provider will perform the Pap test during a pelvic exam in a private room in his or her office. It takes only a few minutes. The test may be uncomfortable, but it is not usually painful. You may experience less discomfort if you empty your bladder before the examination. Also, try taking deep breaths and relaxing your muscles during the procedure.

When you arrive for your Pap test, your health care provider may ask you some basic questions related to the test. These may include:

  • Are you pregnant?
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  • What medications have you taken recently?
  • Do you smoke?
  • When was your last menstrual period, and how long did it last?
  • Do you have any symptoms, such as itching, redness, or sores?
  • Have you had surgery or other procedures on your reproductive organs?
  • Have you ever had abnormal results from a previous Pap test?

Before the procedure, you may need to change into a hospital gown in a private area or when your health care provider leaves the room. During the procedure, you will lay on your back on the exam table with your heels in the stirrups at the end of the table.

Next, your health care provider performing the exam will gently insert a lubricated plastic or metal instrument into your vagina. This tool, called a speculum, slowly spreads apart the vaginal walls. It may cause some discomfort.

After a visual inspection of your cervix, your health care provider will use a cotton swab or a cervical brush to gently scrape cells from 2 places on the cervix:

  • The ectocervix, which is the part closest to the vagina
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You may feel pulling or pressure during the collection of the cells, but it typically does not hurt.

Your health care provider will smear the cells onto a glass microscope slide or put the cells into a container with liquid that preserves the sample. He or she will then send the sample to a pathologist for evaluation.

After a Pap test

You can resume your normal activities right after having a Pap test. You may have a small amount of vaginal bleeding after your Pap test. But tell your health care provider if you experience excessive bleeding.

If the Pap test shows abnormal cells and an HPV test is positive, your health care provider may suggest one or more additional tests. The Pap test is an excellent screening tool, but it is not perfect. Sometimes the results are normal even when abnormal cervical cells are present. This is called a “false negative” test result.

Regular screening is important. Talk with your health care provider about how often you should have a Pap test. Research shows that almost all cervical changes can be found with regular screening and treated before they become cancerous.

Questions to ask your health care team

Before having a Pap test, consider asking the following questions:

  • Who will perform my Pap test?
  • Should I also be tested for HPV?
  • When will I get the test results?
  • Who will explain the results to me?
  • What will happen if the test results are abnormal or unclear?
  • What further tests will be necessary if the test results indicate cancer?
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The Historical Background of Igwe Kingship In Igboland

Igwe Kingship is a traditional system of leadership found in Igboland, which is the southeastern region of Nigeria. The Igwe is the highest traditional ruler in the Igbo community, and he is responsible for maintaining peace and order, settling disputes, and promoting the well-being of his people.

The history of Igwe Kingship dates back to the pre-colonial era when the Igbo people had a decentralized system of governance. Each village or community had its own autonomous leadership structure, which was often headed by a council of elders or a monarch. These monarchs were primarily responsible for maintaining order and settling disputes within their respective communities.

With the arrival of European colonialists in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the Igbo people were exposed to new ideas and concepts of governance. The colonial authorities recognized the traditional rulers as important intermediaries between the colonial administration and the Igbo people. They, therefore, formalized and recognized the traditional leadership structures, including the Igwe Kingship, as legitimate sources of authority in the region.

Today, the Igwe Kingship is a cherished part of Igbo culture, and many communities still maintain this traditional system of governance. The Igwe is highly respected and revered, and his authority is recognized not only within his community but also among neighboring communities. The Igwe is also expected to be a custodian of the customs and traditions of his people and to promote their cultural heritage.

In conclusion, the Igwe Kingship has a rich historical background that spans several centuries. It is an important part of Igbo culture and is still highly regarded today as a symbol of traditional leadership and authority.Download Full Material-N5000