The Significance of Indigenous Science and Technology

Indigenous Science and Technology (IST) refers to the knowledge, practices, and innovations developed by indigenous peoples over thousands of years, based on their interactions with the environment and their cultural traditions. The significance of IST lies in its potential to contribute to global efforts to address challenges in sustainable development, climate change, and biodiversity conservation.

IST offers unique perspectives and approaches to understanding the natural world and solving problems. Indigenous knowledge systems are holistic and interconnected, recognizing the interdependence between humans and nature, and emphasizing the importance of ethical and spiritual considerations. This approach differs from Western scientific methods, which are often reductionist and focused on quantifiable data.

IST has been used to develop solutions to complex environmental and social challenges, such as agroforestry practices that promote soil health and food security, and traditional medicines that provide alternatives to modern pharmaceuticals. Indigenous peoples’ knowledge of their ecosystems has allowed them to identify and protect biodiversity hotspots and manage natural resources sustainably.

Additionally, IST has the potential to provide culturally relevant education and training opportunities for indigenous communities, promoting pride in cultural heritage and enhancing social cohesion. IST can also contribute to a more equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, as it recognizes and values the knowledge and contributions of indigenous peoples.

Conclusion

IST is a valuable and essential component of the world’s knowledge systems, offering unique insights and approaches to addressing global challenges. It is crucial to recognize, respect, and support indigenous peoples’ rights to their knowledge and cultural heritage, and to incorporate IST into mainstream scientific research and policy-making.

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2022 Review of Samsung Galaxy A32

Also known as Samsung Galaxy A32 4G
Not to be confused with Samsung Galaxy A32 5G

NETWORK	Technology	GSM / HSPA / LTE

LAUNCH	Announced	2021, February 25
LAUNCH	Status	Available. Released 2021, February 25

BODY	Dimensions	158.9 x 73.6 x 8.4 mm (6.26 x 2.90 x 0.33 in)
	Weight	184 g (6.49 oz)
	Build	Glass front (Gorilla Glass 5), plastic frame, plastic back
	SIM	Single SIM (Nano-SIM) or Dual SIM (Nano-SIM, dual stand-by)

DISPLAY	Type	Super AMOLED, 90Hz, 800 nits (HBM)
	Size	6.4 inches, 98.9 cm² (~84.6% screen-to-body ratio)
	Resolution	1080 x 2400 pixels, 20:9 ratio (~411 ppi density)
	Protection	Corning Gorilla Glass 5

PLATFORM	OS	Android 11, upgradable to Android 12, One UI 4.1
	Chipset	Mediatek MT6769V/CU Helio G80 (12 nm)
	CPU	Octa-core (2×2.0 GHz Cortex-A75 & 6×1.8 GHz Cortex-A55)
	GPU	Mali-G52 MC2

MEMORY	Card slot	microSDXC (dedicated slot)
	Internal	64GB 4GB RAM, 128GB 4GB RAM, 128GB 6GB RAM, 128GB 8GB RAM

MAIN CAMERA	Quad	64 MP, f/1.8, 26mm (wide), PDAF 8 MP, f/2.2, 123˚, (ultrawide), 1/4.0″, 1.12µm 5 MP, f/2.4, (macro) 5 MP, f/2.4, (depth)
	Features	LED flash, panorama, HDR
	Video	1080p@30fps

SELFIE CAMERA	Single	20 MP, f/2.2, (wide)
	Video	1080p@30fps

SOUND	Loudspeaker	Yes
	3.5mm jack	Yes

COMMS	WLAN	Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band, Wi-Fi Direct, hotspot
	Bluetooth	5.0, A2DP, LE
	GPS	Yes, with A-GPS, GLONASS, BDS, GALILEO
	NFC	Yes (market/region dependent)
	Radio	FM radio, RDS, recording
	USB	USB Type-C 2.0, USB On-The-Go

FEATURES	Sensors	Fingerprint (under display, optical), accelerometer, gyro, compass
		Virtual proximity sensing

BATTERY	Type	Li-Ion 5000 mAh, non-removable
	Charging	Fast charging 15W

MISC	Colors	Awesome Black, Awesome White, Awesome Blue, Awesome Violet
	Models	SM-A325F, SM-A325F/DS, SM-A325M, SM-A325N
	SAR EU	0.45 W/kg (head) 1.30 W/kg (body)
	Price	$ 221.80 / € 206.26 / £ 204.99 / ₹ 22,299 / C$ 332.89 / Rp 3,599,000

TESTS	Performance	AnTuTu: 286666 (v8) GeekBench: 1277 (v5.1) GFXBench: 8.1fps (ES 3.1 onscreen)
	Display	Contrast ratio: Infinite (nominal)
	Camera	Photo / Video
	Loudspeaker	-30.3 LUFS (Below average)
	Battery life	Endurance rating 119h

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Nov 12

Main reasons for primary causes of road pavement failure and possible solution in Nigeria

In one way or another water and unsuitable base and sub-base materials are the main causes of road pavement failure. Water finds cracks in asphalt and PC concrete, soaks through to weaken the base materials or fills cracks and then freezes causing cracks to expand or break out due to expansion. Dealing with water effectively can greatly reduce road pavement failure.

For Portland cement concrete, using a capillary fill material for the base and sloping or crowning the roadway so any water that finds a way underneath the pavement can drain out without weakening the subgrade is one technique that has proven useful. Doing needed maintenance like sealing cracks and resurfacing asphalt with a sealcoat can also help greatly.

Dealing with weak sub grade materials can be a challenge, since this requires undercutting the roadway deep enough to encounter good, solid material, or installing several feet of good base to distribute the load over a wider area. In the past in our sandy soils in the Florida panhandle, clay was mixed with sand to strengthen the sub grade, and when blended to ideal proportions and compacted prior to adding limestone base underneath the pavement, it has worked well. Two other techniques were using asphalt sand and soil cement. Both mixed either asphalt or Portland cement into the top foot or so of the sand to strengthen it. This is a more expensive fix than adding clay, and isn’t common today.

There are lots of studies suggesting thicker pavement will also produce a more durable pavement. Since the actual materials are only a portion of the cost of building a road, it might make sense in some cases to pave roads thicker. An example would be paving asphalt roads 6 or 8 inches thick instead of 3 to 4 inches (in Florida, northern states pave thicker already) or to pour concrete pavement 10 to 14 inches thick instead of 6–10 inches. Since the machinery and workers are already on the project, the cost of adding this additional thickness weighs in mostly at added material cost, which may be a bargain on long-term maintenance costs.

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Oct 03

COVID-19 CONCEPTUAL,THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL LITERATURE

COVID-19 THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL FRAMEWORK

Yo can request for us to give you literature reviews on coronavirus with the following sub-heading

Conceptual framework
Theoretical Framework
Empirical Framework

References

Africa union report (2020) Impact of the corona virus (covid-19) on the Africa economy

Ajami, R. (2020). Globalization, the challenge of COVID-19 and Oil Price Unvcertainty. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, doi:10.1080/10599231.2020.1745046.

Akanni, L. O. and Gabriel, S. C. (2020). The implication of COVID-19 on the Nigerian Economy. http://cseaafrica.org/the-implication-of-covid19-on-th-nigerian-economy/ retrieved on 08-04-2020.

Albulescu, C. (2020). Coronavirus and Oil Price Cash. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3553452.

Alex A, Wesley C, Jesus GG, Sergio G, Clara G, Joan TM, David S, Benjamin S (2020). A mathematical model for the spatiotemporal epidemic spreading of COVID19. medRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.21.20040022.

Al-qaness, M. A. A., Ewees, A. A., Fan, H. and Aziz, M. A. E. (2020). Optimization Method for forecasting confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China. J. Clin. Med, 9,674. Doi:10.3390/jcm9030674

Andersen, T. G., & Bollerslev, T. (1998). Deutsche mark–dollar volatility: intraday activity patterns, macroeconomic announcements, and longer run dependencies. the Journal of Finance, 53(1), 219-265.

Anjorin, A. A. (2020). More Preparedness on Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in Nigeria. Pan Afri. J. Life Sci. 4:200-203

Bou-Hamad, I., & Jamali, I. (2020). Forecasting financial time-series using data mining models: A simulation study. Research in International Business and Finance, 51, 101072. https//doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2019.101072

Chen, M.-Y.(2013). Time Series Analysis: Conditional Volatility Models. National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan.

Chukwuka O, Mma AE ( 2020) Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the Nigerian Economy. 8 April 2020. www.brookings.edu.

Effiong, A. I., Ime, R. N., Akpan, E. J., Mfreke, U. J., Edidiong, I. F., Abere, O. J., Abraham, U. P., Essien, M. O. and Ukpong, E. S. (2020): Assessment of Nigerian Television Authority (NTA) Ongoing Programme Awaresness Campaigns on Corona Virus in Nigeria. Electronic Res. J. Soc. Sci. & Hum. 2(1):130-141.

Emenogu, G. N.; Adenomon, M. O and Nweze, N. O.(2020); On the Volatility of Daily Stock Returns of Total Petroleum Company of Nigeria: Evidence from GARCH Models, Value-at-Risk and Backtesting, Financial Innovation, 6:18, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-020-00178-1

Feinstein, Z. (2020). Reanimating a Dead Economy: Financial and Economic Analysis of the Zombie Outbreak. Arxiv:2003.09943vi[q-fin-GN) 22 March 2020.

Gralinski, L. E. and Menachery, V. D. (2020). Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCov. Viruses, 12,135. Doi:10.3390/v12020135.

Hølleland, S., & Karlsen, H. A. (2020). A Stationary Spatio-Temporal GARCH Model. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 41(2), 177-209.

Holý, V., & Tomanová, P. (2020). Streaming Perspective in Quadratic Covariation Estimation Using Financial Ultra-High-Frequency Data. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.13062.

Igwe, P. A. (2020). Coronavirus with Looming Global Health and Economic Doom. African Development Institute of research methodology, 1(1):1-6

John E A (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic, a War to be Won: Understanding its Economic Implications for Africa. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2020 Apr 5 : 1–4. doi: 10.1007/s40258-020-00580-x [Epub ahead of print] PMCID: PMC7130452.

Li, Q.; Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X. et al. (2020). Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus–Infected Pneumonia. New England Journal of Medicine 382:1199-1207.

McKibbin, W. and Fernando, R. (2020). The Global Macroeconomic Impacts of COVID-

19. Seven Scenarios CAMA working paper 19/2020 https://ssrn.com/abstract=3547729

Ndedi A A (2020) The Aftermath of the Coronavirus in Selected African Economies (April 1, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3565931.

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Econometrica 59, 347-370.

Okhuese, V. A. (2020a). Mathematical Predictions for COVID-19 as a Global Pandemic. MedRxiv preprint doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.19.20038794

Okhuese, V. A. (2020b). Estimation of the Probability of reinfection with COVID-19 Coronavirus by the SEIRUS Model. MedRxiv preprint doi:https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.02. 20050930

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The Significance of Indigenous Science and Technology