A Group Authoring Website Platform

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

 

Paper and pencil correspondence courses have been available for over fifty years, and for motivated students, have been proven to work adequately. However, today’s educators of college and university students face new challenges related to the increasing demand for provision of course related resources and documents due to the geometric surge in the population of students in tertiary institutions. Traditional blackboard and paper tutorship is proving to be an inadequate method of ensuring effective learning and assimilation amongst a multitude of students. Also there is a high demand for distance learning in today’s information age which cannot be met by traditional method.

Tertiary institutions in some of the developing and under- developed nations like Nigeria have not only experienced a tremendous increase in the number of students enrolled yearly but have also experienced the disruption of normal school session frequently by strikes. This vast number and the frequent disruption of normal school session have made it difficult for the few lecturers there are to lecture and assess students effectively. Hence there is need for an e-learning solution that enables lecturers to effectively teach and assess students irrespective of the permitted classroom time and the location of the students.

With the growth of information and communication technology, the advent of the world wide web and the introduction of e-learning technology, the development of a solution to extend the classroom to the internet and educate students on a one-on-one basis, is now possible . The web- based authoring and presentation system is such a solution and also incorporates a module for testing the student and hence assessing his performance. It also has an easy-to-use interface, hence ensuring that any lecturer can be an author of  a courseware with minimal computer expertise.

1.2       Objective of the study

The objective of this study is to develop a web-based Group Authoring Website Platform(GAWP).

1.3       Significance of the study

The study is very significant as it is tailored to meet the students’ needs in a specific area. Particularly, it will help the undergraduate students of computer science department to have a better understanding in the areas covered by the study. When students make good use of this platform, it will improve their performance . The following also buttress the importance of the study:

  • With this interactive platform, the students will work at their own pace. In other words, the fast and the brilliant ones will learn faster while the slow ones will go according to their abilities.
  • Due to the fact that the students are actively involved, many problems of indiscipline (distractions) are reduced to the greatest minimum.
  • As learning progresses from simple to complex problems (i.e. from known to unknown), the students find it easier to follow than the lecturer- instruction method.
  • In a given time period, more contents are covered than the traditional method.
  • The immediate feedback of knowing the correct answers reinforces the students’ effort positively. More so, it avoids the fixation of wrong options.
  • There is also the probability of remedial reinforcement i.e. a situation where student’s answer is wrong, he will have the opportunity to correct it himself or try it again.
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Related Post

Jun 29

DEEP LEARNING MODEL FOR DETECTING BREAST CANCER

DEEP LEARNING MODEL FOR DETECTING BREAST CANCER AT EARLY STAGE

Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women but in can occur in both the genders. It is accountable for an appalling number of deaths worldwide. In a particularly  developing country like Nigeria, there is a lack of awareness and facilities mostly in rural areas and high rate of instances of breast cancer that is diagnosed in the last stages. However, the early detection of breast cancer can lead to help increase the odds of survival. Nowadays, with the increasing number of patients, manual analysis of medical images becomes tedious, time consuming and unfeasible.  With  the advancement in the field of machine learning,   it is now possible to create an automated and accurate Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system in order to make the entire process of detecting a malignant tumor more resource efficient and time saving through proper utilization. This paper presents the comparative analysis of different machine learning algorithms and their results in predicting cancerous tumors. The proposed model uses supervised machine learning algorithms such as Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes and Logistic Regression with and without PCA on a dataset with 30 features extracted from a digitized image of a fine needle aspirate (FNA) of a breast mass. Deep learning models like Artificial Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Network are used and their performances are compared. From the comparative analysis, it is observed that the deep learning models outperform all other classifiers and achieves impressive scores across multiple performance metrics such as Accuracy of 98.83%, Precision of 98.44% and Recall of 100%.

LISTED CONTENTS FOR DEEP LEARNING MODEL FOR DETECTING BREAST CANCER Pdf

  • CHAPTER ONE
  • Introduction
  • Motivation
  • Objective
  • Thesis Orientation
  • CHAPTER TWO
  • Literature Review
  • Related Works .
  • Machine Learning
  • proposed Model
  • Dataset
  • Data Visualization
  • Histogra
  • Heatmap
  • Data Preprocessing
  • Categorical Variable Conversion
  • Feature Scaling
  • Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
  • Data Reshaping
  • Train-Test Split
  • Neural Network Layers
  • Algorithms
  • Random Forest
  • Support Vector Machine
  • K-Nearest Neighbor
  • Logistic Regression
  • Naïve Bayes
  • Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
  • Convolutional Neural Network (CNN
  • CHAPTER THREE
  • Result Analysis
  • Performance Metrics
  • Confusion matrix
  • Accuracy
  • Precision
  • Recall or Sensitivity
  • F1 Score
  • Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) Curve
  • Area under the ROC Curve (AUC)
  • Model Performances
  • Random Forest (RF)
  • Support Vector Machine (SVM)
  • K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)
  • Logistic Regression (LR)
  • Naïve Bayes
  • Artifical Neural Network (ANN)
  • Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)
  • CHAPTER FIVE
  • Discussion
  • Conclusion
  • References
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Nov 04

Design and implementation of vehicle identification

Design and implementation of vehicle identification

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION
Background to the study

Vehicle Registration in Nigeria began over 100 years ago and the records have been essentially manual which in turn has not help to raise the efficiency of general automotive services in recent years. Today, computer has been discovered as a very efficient instrument, which has played a very significant role in adequate management of information. Besides, it has played more roles in country. However, computerization has helped in many areas of life and due to vehicle owners, the thought of computerization of this operation becomes of great important in order to wipe out the manual data processing system from which many problem have originated. The problems, which have engulfed the objectives of motor vehicles registration, are extensively discussed in this project together with the new method that was innovated. This work is conducted towards the computerization of the various problems in processing data in order to identify the various problems that are been encountered in the registration of vehicles manually. This theory also compares the existing system with the new system, which is exact, and a faster way of processing data and the problem faced by customers when they are registering their vehicles. There are different programs that can be written to develop such programs, PASCAL, JAVA. VISUAL BASIC, and C++ etc. But I will be making use of PHP, Database (MySQL) they are both working with Apache server (Xamp). The Software design used Macromedia Dreamweaver, firework, flash, and switchmax.

The World is experiencing an information knowledge revolution that is fundamentally transforming the way in which human activities are carried out. Government’s worldwide are adopting e -government as a means of improving their services to businesses and citizens, promoting economic and social development, and enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of government operations.
Computer plays vital role in the development of any company it also saves some of its complex problem that is been faced by man and processes voluminous data within a short period of time or at an incredible speed. Recent emphasis on information and data processing in most of our business has grown adversely as in the case of motor vehicle license and plate registration. In as much as motor vehicle registration has been in existent for ages now, the old system of registration has been in adoption which did not play a significant role on highway safety until the development of the new system of vehicle registration where a reflective sheeting which is more visible to read even in the dark. This new system of motor vehicle and plate number registration, which is the main focus of this project, came into existent on the 19th March 1997 and handled by the motor licensing officer. It was introduced to enforce strict compliance to traffic rules and regulation as well as providing a proper data as to the behavior of road users. The

roles, which the introduction of computer system will play in this function, will about more efficiency, effectiveness and improve competence.
Vehicle identification used to involve manual recording of vehicle’s information which ranges from cars to buses and later to trucks and heavy duty equipment on ledgers and tracking other related information such as registration, road worthiness test certificates, change of ownership, engine and chassis numbers; and expiration of road license. This process has been extremely inefficient and the recovery of the information was not possible once ledgers were damaged or lost as it frequently occurs.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Nigeria is one of the countries that face real security challenges. As a precautionary step, the governmental authorities have installed cameras and computers at checkpoints to facilitate monitoring of vehicles. However, such solutions are inefficient because they run manually and suffer from a lack of automation. One of the main segments of intelligent transport systems is vehicle license plate recognition, which enables the identification of each vehicle by recognizing the characters on its license plate through various image processing and computer vision techniques.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

As we have seen from the statement of the problems, the things that stand’s as puzzle in the manual system of motor vehicle registration aims at introducing a better system which is the computerized system which will contribute in providing solution to the problems.
i. To reduce the amount of time spent in registration of motor vehicle and information for all the vehicle owners.
ii. To ensure a very high level of accuracy during registration of certain vehicle or category of vehicles that are prone to errors in the manual system.
iii. To develop a system that will allow for the generation and assignment of an infinite identification mark or number (that is, the vehicle plate number).
iv. To replace the manual system of registration with a computerized system that will make registration simple and easy for registration officer and vehicle owner.

v. To provide restriction of illegal access of this program will be limited therefore password will be created for the application software. This password will just be limited to the officer in charge of the work.
vi. This also aims at giving an up-to-date report of the revenue generates from vehicle registration within a defined period.

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

The application of this study is a must for any country that wants to be Information and Communication Technology inclined and ready to reduce the vehicle crime rate and corruption in her system. The scope of this study should be for Liaison Offices and organizations like (Motor licensing office Abuja) that issue vehicle licenses and other vehicle registration documents.

1.5 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

In as much as I have so many areas where one could have covered for a wider generalization of result. Some factors have posed as an obstacle to this, and some of these constraints are as follows:
i. Finance: This contributed in my project research since there was much money exhausted in moving to and fro to gather facts for this work.

ii. Time: As students where probably involved in schoolwork like writing of assignment quizzes and other engagement, thus there isn’t enough time to attend classes.

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Due to the constant rise in technology, it is necessary to use computer to Process voluminous data within a short period of time or at an incredible speed. This project is to help provide efficiency, effectiveness and improve competence issuance of vehicle license, plate number and other related activities. The importance of this study includes:
i. To expedite the efficiency of principal licensing officer in the processing of vehicle registration documents.
ii. To develop a method that will allow easy storage and retrieval of vehicle and owner’s registration information at any time in the future.
iii. To develop a highly accurate method of generating and assigning plate numbers and how to interpret them.
iv. To determine the easiest and fastest way to access vehicle owner’s registration information and missing vehicles.
v. To enable security agencies find missing vehicles.

vi. To develop an easy method for generating and assigning plate numbers or identification mark.

1.7 ASSUMPTION OF THE STUDY

One of the major assumptions made in this study work is that manual methods of keeping records are ineffective, time wasting, prone to error and unsecured. It is also assumed that computerized base systems will motivate the staff members to work more effectively and efficiently when registering vehicles and other activities. I also believe that the facts and observation gotten from the office are all reliable for the study to be a very successful one.

1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS/VARIABLES

The following are some of the terminologies used in the project work.

Vehicle Plate Number: This is a metallic or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle for official identification purposes. The number is made up of alphanumeric characters or numbers.
Vehicle Registration: is the process where we add a vehicle’s details to the motor vehicle register and issue its registration plates. You have to license your vehicle regularly at least annually and you must display a current license label on your vehicle windscreen.

Vehicle Licensing: A regular fee paid to permit the use of one’s vehicle on the public roads. The fee helps to pay for road projects and road safety programs. Your vehicle must be both registered and licensed for you to legally drive it on the road.
Vehicle owner: is a person who has met up with the entire necessary requirement for owning a vehicle and has the right to drive it on public roads.
Vehicle Registration and Enquiry Software (VehRES) System: This is application software that is a customizable data collection system, which can be used by law enforcement and motor vehicle agencies (i.e. Liaison Offices) nationwide. The VehRES are compatible with both laptop and desktop personal computers (PC) can be used to collect registered vehicle information for registration, renewal, updating, correction and tracking.
Licensing office: A place where vehicle registration, licenses and other vehicle related documents are performed.
Licensing officers: Is a person who registers vehicles in the licensing office.

Vehicle: A mechanically propelled and wheeled object used for conveyance.
Computerization: Introduction of the use of computer in an application

area by writing a program that will suit the work.

ICT: This is an acronym for Information and Communication Technology. Federal Road Safety Commission (FRSC): They serve as law enforcement agency charged with responsibilities for, among others, policymaking,
organization and administration of road safety in Nigeria.

E-Government: There is no one common definition of E – Government, although the term is widely used. (Norris, 2005) view E – Government as a technology exercise, integrating individual database and websites of government, while (Batschneider, 1990) view it as a means of bringing the government closer to the common citizen through provision of public services online.
Driver’s license or driving license is an official document, which states that a person may operate a motorized vehicle, such as a motorcycle, car, truck or a bus, on a public roadway. The laws relating to the licensing of drivers vary between jurisdictions. In some jurisdictions, a license is issued after the recipient has passed a driving test, while in others; a person acquires a license before beginning to drive. Different categories of license often exist for different types of motor vehicles, particularly large trucks and passenger vehicles. The difficulty of the driving test varies considerably between

jurisdictions, as do factors such as age and the required level of practice

AutoReg Vehicle license: Is the automated vehicle license registration and renewal system, which is for all vehicle owners to register or renew their vehicle license with the state government. It is renewed annually; it shows the details of the vehicle owner and Vehicle details.Download Full Material-N5000

Jan 16

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STAFF ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT BIOMETRIC

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A STAFF ATTENDANCE SYSTEM USING FINGERPRINT BIO-METRIC

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study 

Punctuality as Thomas Chandler Haliburton(1796 – 1865) said, is the soul of business. Any institution will require its staff to be punctual for it to be a success. Punctuality as a function of time with respect to date is a very essential requirement in every setup, be it small scale or large organization/institution, of which Federal University of Technology, Minna is no exception (Shoewu and Idowu, 2012).

 

The level of impersonation as well as the ghost worker syndrome in recent times is enormous, in both the private and the public sector, Akinduyite, Adetunmbi, Olabode, and Ibidunmoye (2013). Therefore, there is need for a new system which will wipe out all this enumerated issues. The human body has the privilege of having features that are unique and exclusive to each individual. This exclusiveness and unique characteristic has led to the field of biometrics and its application in ensuring security in various fields. Biometrics has gained popularity and has proved itself to be a reliable mode of ensuring privacy, maintaining security and identifying individuals. Today, the technology is being spotlighted as the authentication method because of the need for reliable security (Arulogun et al, 2013).

 

A system insusceptible to impersonation, that provide dependable and efficient means of taking staff attendance record with the use biometrics captures to provide perpetrators with the uniqueness of biometrics will help organization/institution keep good and accurate record of their staff punctuality.

 

  • Motivation of Study

Punctuality is one of the most important attribute of a good professional, this project is motivated by the desire to bring and enhance professionalism in organizations and institutions.

 

1.2 Statement of Problem

Traditionally, staff attendance is done by signing in and out in a register which leavesgap for impersonation and staff sometimes record earlier time when they are late.

 

1.4    Aim and Objectives of Study

This project is aimed at developing a staff attendance system using fingerprint biometrics.

The objective of these project are to:

  1. Designa staff attendance system using fingerprint biometric.
  2. Implement of the designed system.
  3. Test the implemented Staff attendance system.

1.5    Scope and Limitation of Study

This project uses fingerprint biometric for time attendance of Federal University of Technology, Minna to makes the task less burdensome and enhance professionalism in organizations.

This project is limited to the fact that the proposed system doesn’t have a centralized database, which means staff enrollment will have to be done at their work unit. Furthermore, transferred staff details will be copied to the new unit database or re-enroll at new station before the staff can have access to the system.

 

1.6  Significance of Study

The use of staff attendance system is very important because of human being proneness to error, leaving the staff to write down their names might not be accurate as staff can even write attendance for their fellow staff and their handwriting legibility can be a case when compiling the attendance record at the end of the month.

The official in charge of attendance collation is highly favored by this system because use of pen and paper as a means of collating staff attendancewill leave the official in charge with numerous sheet of paper, which will be hectic as he/she have to start comparing several sheet to record the average attendance for just a staff. The official is going to waste a lot of time compiling the attendance percentage at the end of the month, mistake can creep in due to the large volumes of papers

Successful implementation of this project mean the staff attendance credibility can be queried or put to test anytime,  and result are produce fast and accuracy, without stress.Download Full Material-N5000