Information System and Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Aviation Sector

INTRODUCTION

Aviation Industry today are much more concerned about the effect of competition than they were even a few years ago. They must react to the competitive threats not only from local source but also from international flights; likewise they must seek to explore all opportunities that are available in the immediate, national and Global environment. Deregulation has also increased competitive pressure for organizations to survive, grow and prosper. In such a competitive environment, managers must employ a lot of the resources at their disposal as efficiently as possible so as to accomplish the objectives and goals of the enterprise. Management Information System provides information in form of reports and displays to managers and many business professionals.

Management Information System also takes into account integrative nature of information flow as well as the structuring of the organization around decision centers. Standards of performance are

part of any good plans; hence, determination of standards like other aspects of the planning process depends on the availability of relevant management information system. Management information system aids the functioning and monitoring of an organization. It also describes the components and resources to ensure the proper functioning of an organization.

Management information system has changed the physical layout of offices to accommodate local networks and departmental integrated systems. It is also a formalized procedure to provide management at all levels and in all functions with appropriate information from all relevant source to enable them make timely and effective decisions for planning, directing, evaluating, and controlling the activities for which they are responsible. A major task also facing management in almost every field of Endeavour is to plan carefully so that the quantity and quality of information obtained will be adequate to meet its needs.

One potentially powerful resource available to managers is Information Technology (IT), though it could also serve as a threat/problem, but the Top management has to be creative and strategic enough through their conceptual and intellectual capacity to explore full opportunities in all strategic decisions of the enterprise which affect the long term objectives of the Organization. More reports has shown how Information Technology has successfully given some companies an advantage over their competitors both in the National and Global Markets.

A Management Information System (MIS) is a subset of the overall internal control of a business covering the application of people, documents, technologies, and procedures by management accountants to solve business problems such as costing a product, service or a business-wide strategy. Management Information Systems are distinct from regular information systems in that they are used to analyze other information systems applied in operational activities in the organization.

Financial accounting system is an important functional element or part of the total management information system structure. However, they are more narrowly focused on the internal balancing books to generate ledger and other financial accounting system. For example, accrual adjustment reconciliation and correcting entries used to reconcile the financial system to the general ledger are not always immediately entered into other management information systems. Accordingly, although management information systems and accounting reconciliation totals for related listing and activities should be similar, they may not necessarily balance.

Institutional management information systems should be designed to achieve the following;

Enhance communication among
Deliver complex materials throughout the
Provide an object system for recording and aggregate
Reduce expenses to labour intensive manual
Support the organizations strategic goals and

In spite of the fact that management information system supplies decision makers with facts, likewise, it supports and enhances the overall decision making process. MIS also enhance job performance throughout an institution. At the most senior level it provides the data and information to help the board and management to make strategic decisions(top management decisions or long lasting decisions) and at other levels of management MIS provides the means through which the enterprise activities are executed, monitored, controlled and information are distributed to management, supervisors, employees and customers.

Effective MIS should ensure the appropriate presentation, formats and time frames required by operations and senior management are met. MIS can be maintained, evaluated and developed by either manual or automated systems or a Combination of both. It should always be sufficient to meet an enterprise’s unique business goals and objectives. Likewise it seeks to explore all available opportunities that can be explored by the organisation in the immediate, national and global economies. The effective delivery of an enterprise’s products and services are supported by the MIS which has a great influence on the market share portion, revenue generation, sales volume achieved, recruitment of best qualified candidates, the goodwill of the enterprise and the customers’ perception about the organization and its output. These systems should be

comprehensive, accessible, flexible and useable at all appropriate levels of the organization’s activities.

MIS is a critical component of the institution’s overall risk management strategy; it supports management’s ability to perform such reviews. MIS should be used to recognize, monitor, measure, limit, and manage risks. Risk Management involves four main elements, which include:

Policies or practices. Operational processes. Staff and management. Feedback devices.

Frequently, operational processes and feedback devices are intertwined and cannot easily be viewed separately. The most efficient and useable MIS should be both operational and informational. As such, management can use MIS to measure performance, allocate, manage and control resources, and help an institution comply with regulatory requirements. One example of this would be the managing and reporting of loans to insiders. MIS can also be used by Management to provide feedback on the effectiveness of risk controls

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CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION IN SOFT DRINK INDUSTRY

ABSTRACT

This project work is centered on creativity and innovation in the soft drink industry (The Study of Seven-Up Bottling Company Plc Enugu). The project work is aimed at accessing and addressing the Impact of Creativity and Innovation, Problems, and Challenges Encountered by Management in Making the Company to thrive in a Global Competitive Environment. The work employed the use of historical method, to review related literature in chapter two. In chapter three the survey research plan was used in questionnaire form concerning creativity and innovation in a soft drink industry. However, the stratified random sampling approach was adopted in selecting the sample size for the study. Furthermore, five hypotheses were formulated in line with the problems and objectives of the study. Data collected were analyzed and presented with tables and percentages, chi-square statistical test was used in testing the hypotheses, the following results emerged: that motivational incentives for creativity and innovation have encouraged the exploration of hidden talents in the work place, there is significant relationship between creativity and improvement in profit and market share, there are no relationships between creativity and loss of job in soft drink industry.. In view of the findings the following were recommended in the research work: to create enabling environment to improve employees creative ability, insulation of effective channel of communication, create a proper motivational incentive, employee to welcome change through technical training and management should give adequate support to their employees when embarking on creative process. Overall it is believed that the strict application of the recommendation would lead to further progress of achievements of organizational objectives of the soft drink industry.

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Nov 22

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECT OF ENDSARS PROTEST IN NIGERIA ECONOMY

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

Background to the study

The Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) was created in Lagos State in 1992, a time when Notorious armed robbers such as Shina Rambo were in control of the state (Midenda, 2017).

It was created as a faceless police unit that performs undercover operations against armed robbers. Within almost two decades of its creation, the unit has spread across the various states of the country. The spread of the unit across the nation without a proper structure, accounts for some of it lawless charcteristics.

The current report of police brutality using the #Endsars on Twitter has brought public attention to it. The online campaign about the police brutality is new, however, Nigerian pop stars has over the years expressed their worries, fears and incidents of police brutality.

The Nigerian movie industry, Nollywood has also portrayed cases of brutality and corruption within the Nigerian police force in their productions.Nigerians having been subjected to wanton arrests, extortion and extra judiciary killings, lunched a social media campaign using the hastag #Endsars on Twitter to put an end to police brutality.

The #Endsars campaign started with the publication of a petition by convener Segun Awosanya. It was signed by 10,195 Nigerians and submitted to the Nigerian National Assembly to scrap the police unit. The Twitter campaign started on the 2nd of December 2017, when a footage of police officers attached to the unit shot and killed a man surfaced online. The campaign became a trending topic on Twitter with over 400,000 Tweets8 within twelve hours.

In October 2020, Nigerians turned the online campaign to protest. Nigerians using 280 characters detailing their horrible and harrowing experiences with SARS, the dreaded unit of the police created to fight banditry. Before the campaign, there have been isolated cases of police brutality all over the country. However, it was during the campaign that the damage caused by such brutality was discovered.

The campaign also exposed the level of rot within the police unit according to the convener of the campaign. The campaign further revealed that the police has no recognizable structure with no organized system of operation, officers of the unit act based on self-will with little or no regards for fundamental human right for citizens especially vulnerable youth.

The sudden rise of protest movements during the recent economic crisis has brought to the fore once more the question of whether grievance theories may play a role in explaining collective action.

Scholars have started to re‐examine the impact of grievances on protest behaviour (e.g., Rüdig & Karyotis 2013; Bernburg, 2015). However, most studies only examine the effect of these factors on mobilisation from either an individual or a macro‐level perspective, but do not consider the interaction of individual and contextual level factors (Kern et al. (2015) is a recent exception, but here change in economic conditions is examined and the focus is not protest specifically). To address this gap in the literature, we examine the interplay of micro‐level grievances and macro‐level factors for protest behaviour. In particular, we argue that the extent of the effect of individual deprivation on protest is conditional upon the presence of contextual macroeconomic and policy factors which broaden out perceived political opportunities.

Statement of the Problem

After years of horror stories of brazen extortion, illegal detentions and gruesome murders at the hands of local police, young Nigerians are out on the streets to demand the government scrap the police’s notorious Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) unit. Vabguard (2020)

For the past two days, young Nigerians have protested in front of the Lagos state house of assembly—at day and at night. It’s an in-person manifestation of a long-running anti-SARS campaigns on social media platforms. Now the protests are rapidly spreading to several other states, and Abuja, Nigeria’s federal capital.Punch(2020)

The ongoing street protests have been triggered by the latest reports of murders of innocent civilians committed by SARS officers, who have long operated with impunity.

While SARS was initially set up in 1992 to combat the rise of armed robbery incidents, it has since garnered a reputation for arbitrary arrests, torture, extortion and extra-judicial killings. Given its designation as a special unit with its officers often working in plain clothes and using unmarked cars, SARS officers have become known for crudely extorting innocent young Nigerians and operating outside the remits of law.

SARS officers typically target and detain young men by accusing them of being online fraudsters, simply on the evidence of owning a laptop or smartphone, and then request arbitrary and exorbitant bail fees before they regain their freedom. In more extreme cases, SARS officers abduct civilian targets and force them to make withdrawals at an ATM in exchange for their freedom, sometimes at gunpoint. The unit is also known to target young women as well with several reports of women being raped while in detention. Sahareporters(2020)

Without obvious avenues to seek redress, most victims are forced to pay these bribes, particularly given SARS’ fearsome reputation of violence and extra-judicial killings. In 2016, an Amnesty International report found “credible allegations” that SARS operatives “perpetrate acts of torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment against detainees in their custody on a regular basis.” In a rare instance in September 2017, five SARS operatives were convicted of the extrajudicial killing two young men.Dailytrust (2019)

But it’s not just the fear of violence and possible death, SARS operatives are also known to threaten victims with illegal detention. It’s a feature of Nigeria’s broken criminal justice system which sees 72.5% of inmates in local prisons serving time without being sentenced.

Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of this study is to investigate the socio economic effect of End-Sars protest in Nigeria Economy.

The study sought the following research questions;

Examine the level of Real economic value during the Endsars protest
Investigate the extend of Extra-Judicial Killings in Lagos and the Lekki Massacre
To analyze the negative effect of ENDARS protest on the SMEs business environment
To investigate the level of Losses and damages that occurred In Lagos State during the Endsars protest
To understand the Effect of ENDSARS protest on the GDP of Lagos
To examine the Lessons learnt from ENDSARS by Small and medium scale enterprises in Lagos

Research Questions

What are the level of Real economic value during the Endsars protest?
What are level of Extra-Judicial Killings in Lagos and other state especially The Lekki Massacre?
What are The negative effect of ENDARS on the business environment in Lagos state?
What are the level of Losses and damages that occurred In Lagos State during the Endsars protes?
What are the Effect of ENDSARS protest on the GDP of Lagos ?
What are the Lessons learnt from ENDSARS by Small and medium scale enterprises in Lagos?

Scope of the Study

This study will empirically investigate the socio economic implication of endsars protest in Nigeria polity. The study is limited to Lagos state Nigeria

Significance of the Study

The outcome of this study would contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Because there is no single study on The socio economic implication of Endsars protest in Nigeria polity around the globe, there is dearth of evidence using data on Lagos state,Nigeria. The outcome of the study would therefore serve as a reference material for subsequent researchers and would provide a basis for further research in this area.

Limitations of the Study

Financial Constraints: The researcher was with limited funds, she cannot visit all the areas to get responses from respondents but she was able to get good information concerning the research topic.

Time Constraints: The researcher was involved in other departmental activities like seminars, attendance of lectures et.c which limited her time for the research but the researcher was able to meet up with the time assigned for the completion of the research work

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Jun 20

MANAGING INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL TEACHING HOSPITALS IN THE SOUTH EAST NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Organization exists at the instance of the efforts of both the employer and the employees who are the prime movers of the operational activities of the entity. The two parties therefore, co-exist and interact in the course of the day-to-day operations of the organization. The above scenario in the workplace implies that there is defined relationship between the employer and the employees. Such two parties in the organization engage in formal relationship, which is purely for operational purposes. Therefore, the relationship between the employer and the employees is contractual in nature, which is that of master-servant relations. The implication is that industrial relations as a term embrace all aspects of the relationship between individual workers and groups (trade union and the management) in the course of organizational operations ( Akubuiro, 2003).

Fajana, (1995) states that industrial relations cover all aspects of employment relations between the employer and the employees in organizational operations. Hence, it relates to contractual relationship between the employer and the employees, regulation of conditions of service, collective bargaining, management of strikes, industrial democracy, employer-trade unions relations, and organization personnel policies on how to relate on mutual basis with individual workers and their trade unions in the course of organizational operations

Generally industrial relations can be viewed as employee – employer relationship in the work place, the essence of which is to enhance employee satisfaction, and the furtherance of industrial peace and organizational growth (Swanepoel 2002). Other dimension to industrial relations is its tripartite nature as a relationship that exists between workers, employers and government.

According to Emiola, (2000), the position of the government is that of a regulator and protector of the workers’ rights. The legality of industrial relations derives from government’s recognition of employer and employees as partners in the production of goods and services. In the same vein, there is a range of government legislation regulating their (the employer and the employees) day-to-day activities. It implies that the position of government in industrial relations is one of acting as the watch-dog over the relationship between the employer and employees in the workplace. The essence of industrial relations revolves around the determination of general conditions of service, discipline, maintaining a stable work force, maintaining an ideal level of productivity, and providing welfare facilities for workers, among other issues in the workplace (Akubuiro, 2003).

The existence of unions is to allow workers to participate in the determination of policies under which they will consent to work. The principal interest of the employer on the other hand, is to maintain control of the organization, especially by monitoring allocation of organization’s resources. While the trade union demands represent extra cost to the employer, the employer in order to remain in business will introduce some measures to cut down costs by all means so as to make the maximum profit margin (Thiebart, 2003).

The result is that there is latent and often manifest of antagonism among the two parties, occasioned by the fact that their respective interests are at variance except in their bid to ensure continuity of production which fosters their dependence on each other for survival. There will be effective industrial relations in an organization if the following conditions exit:

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Information System and Organizational Performance in the Nigerian Aviation Sector