Common Errors to Avoid When Reviewing a Research Literature

Many students believe that the literature review portion of their research projects is the most challenging and time-consuming aspect of the research work they are required to complete. In point of fact, one could say that it was a trying experience, and the reason for this is that there were objective challenges involved in the have to search through a significant amount of literature and process it critically. The reality of the situation is, nevertheless, that it assists pupils and researchers in general to comprehend how to appropriately structure their ideas.

It also functions as the initial section of a paper (a course assignment, diploma paper, or dissertation, etc.) that is delivered to a supervisor, and on the basis of that section, he creates an opinion about your talents.

Because of this, ensuring that it is implemented correctly is of the utmost importance. On the other hand, it has been seen that a significant number of students are unsuccessful at this step. It is for this reason that we have compiled a list of the most common errors that students should steer clear of when doing a review of the literature.

The following is a list of the 12 most common errors that should be avoided when writing a literature review:

There are a dozen important things to take note of here, including the following:

The absence of a central concept

Before beginning the process of creating a literature review, it is extremely crucial to first summarize the most important takeaways from the research. The primary purpose of the review is to first provide a description of the works that have been completed before your period of study so that you may determine the contribution that your research will make to existing bodies of knowledge.

absence of a requirement for more study

Students have a habit, the majority of the time, of reviewing relevant material without first proving the necessity of the research. When you are conducting the literature review, you need to make sure that you define the significance of your research. This will help you avoid making the mistake that was just described. This is to establish that the research you intend to pursue is promising and relevant to the existing body of knowledge. It is also to demonstrate the one-of-a-kind nature of your work by demonstrating that there has been insufficient research done on that particular topic. In order to prevent making this mistake, one needs to become acquainted with the primary focus of the research paper, which can only be demonstrated by having a well-organized section devoted to the examination of the relevant literature.

The incorrect mode of presenting

When conducting a literature review, one of the most common mistakes that many students make is presenting the literature in a manner that is not conventional. It will not be possible to understand the primary point of the review if it is not properly structured; therefore, it is necessary to properly structure it. If you ask a lot of researchers, and even the people in charge of supervising projects, they will all agree that having a clear framework makes it easier to view the material, and it also makes the subjective view of the job significantly better.

an inappropriate manner of writing

This is a common error that is committed by a great number of students. They consider this to be the appropriate venue for opinions and commentary. The fact of the matter is, however, that it is an academic work, and as such, it ought to be written in an academic style. It is strongly recommended that you avoid using colloquial words and phrases at all costs. The review is vulnerable to criticism due to the author’s failure to follow the right writing style.

The inaccurate material that was provided

When it comes to writing a literature review, this has been determined to be one of the most prevalent blunders that students do. They evaluate works that have little to do with the primary concept of the work being discussed. The content of a literature review needs to be accurate; more specifically, the works that are going to be examined need to be relevant to the subject matter that is being researched. Deep research should be done on the problems that are brought up by the subject matter, and attention should also be paid to the fundamental questions. When it comes down to it, the content of the review of the literature should be a primary priority, just like it should be for each and every other part of the project writing phase.

falling short of the requirements set forth by the supervisor

Given that the review of the literature is eventually graded by the supervisor, it is of the utmost importance to familiarize oneself as soon as possible with the standards that the supervisor has established for the review’s content. This will make it possible to prevent a scenario in which the supervisor is not happy with the content of the literature review, and it will also make it possible to considerably minimize the amount of time and labor resources that are required for its preparation.

Failing to comply with the standards for the amount of work to be completed

In point of fact, there is no established threshold for the minimum amount of previous work that must be reviewed. On the other hand, when it comes to things like dissertations and diploma works, a literature review that is anywhere from 25 to 30 pages long is significantly regarded more positively as a normal work. Despite this, it is essential to talk about it with the person in charge of your project because he or she may have their own ideas about what a typical literature review entails.

The in-text links have been formatted incorrectly.

Given that this is a review of the existing body of work, accurately drawing up linkages to the various sources that were consulted is of the utmost importance. Students will occasionally make errors, such as formatting their work incorrectly. It is strongly suggested that you stick stringently to the type of in-text formatting utilized by your division. For some departments in the college, you will use endnotes or footnotes, however for others, you will use a format such as “last name, year,” for instance (Johnson, 2001).

9. A bibliography that is either insufficient or erroneous
This is an error that is committed by many pupils. On the other hand, the vast majority of them are unaware of the fact that the supervisor of that project places a greater emphasis, in addition to the content itself, on the list of references that were used for the review. However, a significant number of students do not place an emphasis on the importance of its correct layout. On the other hand, the structure of the literature review is considered to be a crucial component of the review. When evaluating, some of the factors that are taken into consideration include the number of literary sources that were utilized, the percentage of foreign literature sources that were utilized, the age of the utilized literature sources, and the completeness of the literature.

The review was submitted past its due date.

A significant number of pupils do not meet the deadline that has been set for the submission of the work. It is essential to emphasize the necessity of strictly adhering to the deadline in this context if one wishes for their work to have a high probability of receiving a satisfactory grade. Even if the paper itself is excellent, the chances of getting a decent grade will be diminished if it is not turned in at the allotted time.

When looking for information to support your work, choose reliable sources.

The databases that we are going over in this session are going to be your greatest bet for finding appropriate legal resources to assist your research. Steer clear of blogs and other such texts, as pieces sent to magazines, whether national or international, are subjected to stringent reviews before being circulated, and as a result, your text will be given greater credibility as a result of this.

Make sure that your evaluation is written in a lucid and impartial manner.

Avoid formatting your work like a reading sheet by steering clear of statements like “Author A stated this, Author B said this, and Author C said that.” The fact that you uncover areas of agreement and disagreement between many authors on the subject of your research is an interesting aspect of the whole affair. In addition to what was mentioned previously, many students have the habit of making their literature review nothing more than a narrative of the works that are being evaluated. In point of fact, it is essential to present a synopsis of the work that is now being edited. However, rather than making it a narrative, make it a study of the situation.

Conclusion

In this piece, we have highlighted the most common flaws that teachers have pointed out students need to avoid in order to construct a beautiful literature review. These mistakes have been pointed out by teachers to students. You have a great chance of getting a decent score for your literature review if you follow the advice that we have offered in this piece and put it into practice.

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Definition of a free project topics

Introduction

Here in this article, you will learn more about free project subjects, as well as other items that make up free project ideas, as well as how to get started on a free project. You Will Also Learn More About Free Project Ideas By using the secure links offered on this page, you can learn more about free topics in a number of disciplines.

Definition of a free project topics

Meaning of a free project topics 

A free project topics are group of research topics that a particular academic repository offers to students, scholars or researchers for free of charge. No paid subscriptions are required in order to access free project subjects; they are entirely free and available to both students and academic scholars.

Characteristics of a free project topics

The most significant characteristics and advantages of free themes and project ideas are that they are absolutely free of charge and do not require any payment. However, websites such as schoolprojecttopics.com and projecttopics.co.uk stand out for a variety of reasons, including the fact that they provide free project topics and make the first chapter of a thesis available without charge.

Several characteristics of free project subjects can be identified, which may include any or all of the following:

  • Topics are not compensated, but are instead made available to students absolutely free of charge as a courtesy.
  • Members can access the project download sites without having to sign up for an account.
  • The free project topic web page does not require the use of a password or an institutional login to access the information.
  • There is always a free copy of the first chapter of the project topic available online for download.
  • It is standard practice for a page marketing such services to begin with the phrase “List of free project subjects.”
  • In free projects, variables such as the context, the statement, and the purpose are all available, as is the case with formal projects.

Examples of Free Project topics

 

Closing Remarks

As a student researcher, it is advised to source for multiple research resources for your own project, so free project topics websites is of great importance because it will save you a lot of money from buying resource materials

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Good List of Final Year Project Topics in Nigeria

Complete List Of Project Topics and Materials For Final Year Students

A final year project topic in Nigeria is a research paper that is well structured, developed and conducted scientifically by student in their final year of study. Below is a comprehensive examples of final year project ideas.

Complete List Of Project Topics and Materials For Final Year Students

Final Year Project Topics in Nigeria

  1. Organogram Of Local Government Systems In Nigeria
  2. Design And Implementation Of Online Food Ordering System
  3. Local Government And Health Care Delivery In Nigeria
  4. Samples Of Project Topics & Project Materials Ideas For Students Research
  5. Brief History Of How Endsars Campaign Started In Nigeria
  6. Relationship Between Parenting Practices And Attachment Styles Among Early Childhood Education Pupils Nigeria
  7. Accounting Project Topics And Materials Pdf Free Download
  8. Critical Appraisal Of The Inheritance Rights Of Women In Nigeria
  9. Early Childhood Education Project Topics
  10. Hnd Project Topics And Materials 2021/2022 In Pdf
  11. Payments
  12. New Project Topics And Materials On Current Issues
  13. The Socio-Economic Implications Of End Sars Protest In The Nigeria Polity
  14. 2021 Best Free Education Project Topics And Materials Pdf
  15. List Of Science Education Project Topics For Postgraduate Students
  16. An Examination Of Integrated Personnel And Payroll Information System In The Nigerian Civil Service
  17. An Archaeological Reconnaissance
  18. The Effects Of Poor Funding Of Schools In The Teaching And Learning Of Physical And Health Education In Primary School
  19. 2021 Best Free Banking And Finance Project Topics Pdf
  20. The Impact Of Covid-19 On Education In Nigeria
  21. Design And Implementation Of Campus Wide Wireless Network
  22. Terrorism And It’s Effect To The Socio-Economic Development Of Small Scale Industry In Nigeria)
  23. How To Organize Research Methodology In Chapter Three Of A Research Project
  24. Google Scholar Research Topics And Materials Pdf
  25. Research Project Topics About Endsars Protest

Final Year Project Ideas

You wouldn’t have to visit another website in search of well-researched final year project topics and materials PDF and DOC ready for immediate downloads.

All the final project topics and materials PDF listed here are complete project works (chapter 1-5) for final year students in the Universities, Polytechnics and Monotechnics (College of Education).
Notice that some of the free project topics and materials PDF listed here are available for free downloads while most of the full project work are paid and they are all sorted based on departments/courses.

 

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Characteristics and Features of Civil Service

The rules and regulations that govern the civil service are guided by an overarching principle or set of qualities. The following are some of the guiding principles:

  • Permanent residence and employment stability
  • Political neutrality
  • Anonymity
  • Hierarchy/classism
  • Merit system
  • Tight regulations and operating procedures
  • Impartiality
  • Expertise
  • Training
  • Remuneration
  • Professionalism

Characteristics and Features of Civil Service

PERMANENCY/SECURITY OF TENURE

The term “tenure” refers to the required minimum number of years of service before a civil official can retire. This gives the impression that a person is recruited into the civil service at a young age with the promise that he or she would spend their entire working life in the civil service.

If a civil servant is found to be in compliance with the laws and regulations that regulate the day-to-day administration and management of government business, then it is likely that their position will be made permanent.

On the other hand, a public worker who has attained the age of sixty or who has logged thirty-five years of service is considered to be eligible for mandatory retirement.

If an officer has a history of misconduct, they run the risk of being fired, terminated, or even dismissed at any time, especially if they are found guilty of an offense beyond a reasonable doubt.

POLITICAL NEUTRALITY

Civil servants should not identify themselves as members of any political party, and they should act in a manner that is non-partisan when carrying out their duties. This is what is meant by the term “political neutrality.”

They ought, consequently, to be loyal, and they ought to serve any government that comes into power with the same level of dedication.

The explanation for these characteristics hinges on the fact that if a civil servant is a member of a political party or has feelings of sympathy for the party, there is a greater likelihood that this civil servant will work to undermine the efforts of the party that is in opposition to his or her own and support the efforts of the party that the civil servant belongs to.

ANONYMITY

Officers in the civil service are rarely heard of, which is appropriate given that they are not supposed to be heard of claiming credit or failure for the success or failure of any government policy or action at any given point in time. Instead, the political master of the civil servant, such as the minister or commissioner, is always in the vintage position of being seen and heard.

HIERARCHY/CLASSISM

The term “hierarchy” refers to the organization or arrangement of offices and officials of differing positions and grades into a systematic sequence beginning at the bottom and progressing all the way to the top in a relationship of superiority and subordination.

The line in the organizational hierarchy serves as the basis for communication, command, and control in the workplace. It simplifies both control and coordination, but at the expense of added delay.

Classism refers to the practice of dividing members of a workforce into distinct occupational groups, such as administrative, executive, clerical, and auxiliary workers. The amount of education that a civil servant has attained is the determining factor in each case.

MERIT SYSTEM

Merit is used as a criterion for both entry-level jobs and promotions within the public sector. Therefore, candidates are selected based on their qualifications and their level of competence, which are evaluated in the form of a written examination and an oral interview, both of which are often administered by the civil service commission.

Promotion is also determined by predetermined criteria, which ensures that only those government workers who are both productive and competent are given promotions. In the military, there is a focus on meritocracy as a way to prevent favoritism, sectionalism, and tribalism.

STRICT REGULATION/PROCEDURES

It is one of the most fundamental principles that guides the functioning of the civil service that it operates according to rules that are rigidly written out. These procedures can be found in the General Order (G.O), which governs financial institutions and establishments.

The inability to adapt to changing circumstances and a rigid adherence to established procedures, sometimes known as bureaucratic tendencies or excessive paperwork. The civil service makes an effort to preserve these distinctive qualities, but as a result, acts are occasionally delayed, and this draws criticism from a variety of sources.Download Full Material-N5000