BACKGROUND

The  project entitled “Design and implementation of Android  based on academic performance monitoring system for parents and guidance” allows academic institutions, parents to monitor and gather data about the academic performance of students where decisions are derived to further improve the students learning outcomes.

Students, teachers, administrators, and policymakers may all benefit from the information gained from tracking and monitoring their academic development. Teachers and school authorities compile academic records and extract data from them in order to evaluate students’ performance in the conventional method. Manual tracking and monitoring require time and are subject to human error, which may result in the acquisition of incorrect information, so impacting the judgments made. Tracking and monitoring are performed manually. Given the ever-changing world of education, instructors are rushing to develop more effective ways to monitor their students’ progress.

The researchers proposed a Student Academic Performance Tracking and Monitoring System to address the aforementioned difficulties. Teachers will utilize technology at all stages of the evaluation process, from conducting examinations to documenting student success. Educational institutions will be able to make educated decisions that will help students improve their grades by utilizing technology.

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Automated web based court case information management system

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION

Background to the study 

 

The Judiciary is the system of courts of justice in a country, the arm of government charged with the responsibility to administer justice. Nigeria’s legal system was built on a foundation of received Anglo-Saxon common law, statutory law, and other documents. (The Judicial Secretary, 2016). It is independent from other government functions and provides a forum for the just resolution of disputes in order to preserve the rule of law and to protect the rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution of Nigeria. The Nigerian Judiciary consists of the Superior Courts of Judicature, which include the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the lower courts currently comprising the Circuit Courts, the District Courts and the Juvenile Courts. The Fast Track, Commercial Courts, Human Rights Court, Financial, Industrial (Labor) and Land Courts have recently been established as divisions of the High Court to facilitate the speedy resolution of disputes, particularly those of a specialized nature. (Dickson, 2015)

The advancements of the 21st century have led to an emergence of many disciplines with great potential to solve existing problems. One such potential field is Technology, which has over the years been increasingly adopted in many processes to avert the problems of ineffective and inefficient service delivery. (Chrisphine, 2012). One of the key areas of interest is automation of the judicial processes. Many challenges have been faced in the process of attaining justice including delays due to misplacement of the case files at the registry when reference is ought to be made. As legal practice has become more technologically advanced, pressure mounts on the courts is to join the flow of technological progress in other to provide a good service delivery. In addition, to emphasis on government transparency, to build public trust and confidence in judicial institutions. (Slowes, 2012)

Electronic Case Distribution System (eCDS) was introduced in Judicial Service of Nigeria. Under the Electronic Case Distribution System (eCDS), cases are assigned to the judges by the registrar. The system was to select adjudication cases at the High Court and was automated to eliminate suspicion of case fixing. It was introduced to judicial staffs and other stakeholders in Kumasi by Robert Cudjoe the Director of ICT in Judicial Service. (Joy FM, 2011)

The court can now electronically manage a case from the filing state and assigning cases to judges.

 

Case management

 

Case management is one of the main management activities in use within courts. The other main management effort is court management. While case management is connected to the primary processes in courts, which includes court administration and other processes that are directly related to case processing, the court management is connected to the secondary processes in courts and involves activities like strategy making, human resource management, research and development, Technology, finance, and maintenance of the build environment. (Rooze, 2010).

 

Component of case management

 

Electronic case management systems provide support and automation in case management. In order to support or automate case management, it is necessary to understand the components of case management as a management support. A typical process in court consists: (a) receive documents; (b) administrative preparation; (c) content preparation; (d) court decision-making;

(e) content elaboration; (f) administrative completion; (g) send and archive. (Rooze, 2010).

 

         Statement of the Problem

 

Recently, Prosecuting Attorney’s current case management system is a desktop base application where cases that are registered are printed out and pasted on the notice board to enhance public access. The courts print out the cases that will be held in that particular week and keeps the outdated cases that have already been held in excel on the desktop. Due to this clients need to come back to the court to confirm the day its case will be held and sometimes leads to frustrations.

 

This project seek is to control and allow complete registration of all cases related to court activities to enhance reduction of time and eliminating manual works. The System delivers core functionality that is to provide meaningful ancillary benefits to the courts, such as more efficient data entry, more effective data retrieval, better tools and enhanced bar and public access, thus the public can have access to it anytime and anywhere.

Well developed and implemented Electronic Court Case Management System (eCCMS) make it possible for a court to stick more closely to a published standard schedule and timetable, which the court can track cases better, and controls the use of resources and notify and inform all on what has been decided and what is to be expected.

 

             Purpose of the study

 

To study the influence of the Electronic Case Management System (eCCMS) on implementation and effectiveness of court service delivery in the Law Court Complex, Judicial Service of Nigeria.

         Project Aims and Objectives

The aim of this project is to develop and implement an Electronic Court Case Management System (eCCMS) to control and allow complete registration of all court case which are related to the court by the domain user thus registrar, who can register, update, delete, and search case and create report. The flow of information provides communication and notification between the courts and public.

 

         The following are the Objectives of the Project

 

• To implement an Electronic Court Case Management System (eCCMS) for case registration which are related to courts, and creation, modification and updating through user
• The software will allow information to be entered by users, control information in the system and tracking of current case status to enhance public
• The system “Event” and “Scheduling” is to determine new case arrivals, session appointments, case deadline, reservation of courtroom and the judge who will head the case.
• To develop friendly user interfaces combined with intuitive
• To create a database to store, manage and backup case
• To create an administrator page that will show statistical

 

 

         Significance of the study

 

 

When this project is completed, it will benefit the following stakeholders: the industry (Judicial service), the society and the academia.

 

 

         The industry (Judicial Service)

 

 

The system will be used by the registrar for case registration and data processing (data storage and data retrieval) which involves creation, modification and updating information through user interface.

The Chief registrar as well will be able to know the activities that is going on in various courts such as the name of registrars and the judge in each court, the time the registrar spent after login and also show the total number of a case type in each court such as trespassing, defrauding, robbery, data breach etc.

 

         The society

 

 

The system will enable client or individuals to get access to a case details anywhere and anytime by going online to visit the webpage, which shows the details of a case such as the sitting date, the suit number, the name of the judge who will handle the case, the courtroom which the case will be held, the names of both plaintiff and defendant, etc.

 

         Academia

 

 

This project will illustrate how open source tools can be used for the development of web-based applications thereby making the academia  aware  of  the  benefits  of  using  cheaper  tools.  This project in future will allow other students to review the application and to think of new ways in which some components of the application will be improved or think of ways of adding new components to meet more needs.

 

 

         Methodology

 

 

The nature of the project recommended agile model of System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).The agile model process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the full system is implemented.

 

The agile methodology gives the need to develop a system based on the requirements of the users, and enable to add up various units of the system pertaining the various feedbacks received from the users. At each iteration and increment, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added. And the phases includes Identifying Problems, Opportunities and Objectives, Determine Human Information Requirement, Analyzing System Needs, Designing the Recommended System, Developing and Documenting Software, Testing and Maintenance of the system.

 

Observation at the Supreme Court and The Law Court Complex showed that the Court had traditional ways with managing administration tasks, such as case registrations, viewing the case list (Cause list) to the public and scheduling of cases. The courts sometimes struggle with tracking cases since their system is a desktop based system. This problem presented itself as an opportunity that can be built upon. The public sometimes complains they had to come far away from their destination to check when a case will be held and the courtroom. People visiting the first time get frustrated since he will pass through many processes sometime wait for long to know the time a case will be held.

Obtaining this information a system will be designed that will meet the requirement of all the users both the Domain users and the public. In the design phase, every user interface will be designed for each section of the web application. Each user interface will be designed based on the principles of the User Experience (UX).

Localhost, MySQL and MariaDB will serve as database source. The familiarity with MySQL offers the chance to work without problems. The development of this web application will require HTML CSS, jQuery. These will help in the development of the user interface and its elements such as web forms, buttons, and modals.

Finally, PHP as server side programming language to interact with MySQL database and MariaDB. The web application will be implemented via a hosting plan. Users will be able to access the web application by going to the specified URL of the application. The design will ensure a smooth transition to the web application for all users of the system.

 

         Organization of the study

 

 

The project report is divided into five chapters. Chapter one of the study introduces the problem statement and describes how the specific problem will be addressed through the aims and objectives and it also contains the significance of this study. Chapter two focuses on the review of literature and relevant research associated with the problems addressed in the study. Chapter three presents the methodology and procedures used for data collection and analysis,  determining functional and non-functional requirements of such an application. In chapter four, covers the areas of implementing and testing of various prototypes at different stages in the development and also it also contains the various techniques and languages used in the development process. Chapter five offers a summary and discussion of findings, implications   for practice, present and future and recommendations for future research.

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DESIGN AND AUTOMATIONFOREIGN EXCHANGE PREDICTION TOOL USING MACHINE LEARNING

ABSTRACT

Foreign Currency Exchange is concerned with the exchange rates of foreign currencies compared to one another. These rates provide significant data necessary for currency trading in the international monetary markets. This project shows an evolutionary algorithm application to generate profitable strategies to trade future contracts on foreign exchange market (FOREX). The modeled strategy is based on two decision trees, responsible for taking decisions of opening long and short positions on any currency pair. This strategy use technical indicators, which are connected by logic operators to identify border values in making profitable decision(s). 20 trades were taken from 9 different currency pairs between October 17 and December 4, 2017. The results show that 15 out of the 20 trades representing 75% are profitable, while 5 representing 25% are not profitable.

Keyword: Foreign exchange, prediction, decision tree

CHAPTER ONE/INTRODUCTION 

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The foreign exchange market, called FOREX (FX) or the currency market, is a decentralized market where currencies are traded. This includes all aspects of buying, selling and exchanging currencies at current or determined prices. In terms of trading volume, it is by far the largest market in the world, followed by the Credit market (Record N.,2014)

The main participants in this market are the larger international banks. Financial centers around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of multiple types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends.

The foreign exchange market works through financial institutions, and operates on several levels. Behind the scenes, banks turn to a smaller number of financial firms known as “dealers”, who are involved in large quantities of foreign exchange trading. Most foreign exchange dealers are banks, so this behind-the- scenes market is sometimes called the “interbank market” (although a few insurance companies and other kinds of financial firms are involved). Trades between foreign exchange dealers can be very large, involving hundreds of millions of dollars. Because of the sovereignty issue when involving two currencies, FOREX has little (if any) supervisory entity regulating its actions.

The foreign exchange market assists international trade and investments by enabling currency conversion. For example, it permits a business in the United States to import goods from European Union member states, especially Eurozone members, and pay Euros, even though its income is in United States dollars. It also supports direct speculation and evaluation relative to the value of currencies and the carry trade speculation, based on the differential interest rate between two currencies (Heiner Flassbeck and Massimiliano La Marca, 2007). The mere pursuit of profit through financial speculation is a bad activity in the moral context even if made within legal limits that are different in each country.

Financial forecasting is truly a challenging task and remains a very active research area. Many researchers have proposed many methodologies in helping prospective traders analyze market situation with a view of making trading decision. Despite these, greater percentage of both new traders and experience traders sometimes run into loss.

Many algorithms were designed for effective prediction and profit making. Most of these algorithms are only suitable on paper but failed during implementation. In this thesis, we want to use machine learning and decision tree algorithm in particular for effective FOREX market movement prediction.

Decision tree learning uses a decision tree (as a predictive model) to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item’s target value (represented in the leaves). It is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics, data mining and machine learning. Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels. Decision trees where the target variable can take continuous values (typically real numbers) are called regression trees (Rokach, Lior; Maimon, O., 2008).

Decision tree is a type of supervised learning algorithm (having a pre-defined target variable) that is mostly used in classification problems. It works for both categorical and continuous input and output variables. In this technique, we split the population or sample into two or more homogeneous sets (or sub- populations) based on most significant splitter / differentiator in input variables.

Tree based learning algorithms are considered to be one of the best and mostly used supervised learning methods. Tree based methods empower predictive models with high accuracy, stability and ease of interpretation.

PROBLEM STATEMENT

FOREX market is the largest and most accessible financial market in the world, but although there are many FOREX investors, few are truly successful ones. Many traders fail for the same reasons that investors fail in other asset classes. In addition, the extreme amount of leverage – the use of borrowed capital to increase the potential return of investments – provided by the market, and the relatively small amounts of margin required when trading currencies, deny traders the opportunity to make numerous low-risk mistakes. Factors specific to trading currencies can cause some traders to expect greater investment returns than the market can consistently offer, or to take more risk than they would when trading in other markets (Investorpedia, 2017).

 

The economics of supply and demand largely determine the exchange rate fluctuations. Calculating the supply and demand curves to determine the exchange rate has shown to be unfeasible (Alamili, M., 2011). Therefore, one needs to rely on various forecasting methods. The traditional linear forecasting methods suffer from their linear nature, since empirical evidence has demonstrated the existence of nonlinearities in exchange rates. In addition, the usefulness of the parametric and nonparametric, nonlinear models, has shown to be restricted (Mohamad Alamili, 2011).

 

For these reasons, the use of computational intelligence in predicting the foreign exchange rate is investigated, in which these previously mentioned limitations may be overcome. The method used here is decision tree machine learning algorithm.

 

                AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to develop and implement a Foreign Exchange forecasting tool using machine learning.

The specific objectives of the study are:

1. To develop a FOREX Advisor tools that guides FOREX traders in trading decision
2. To evaluate the efficacy of the FOREX Advisor tools developed

 

                METHODOLOGY

This research work was carried out using Machine Learning method with emphasis on decision tree Algorithm. A review of available literature in the area of machine learning for currency forecasting was carried out.

CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

This research work designed a tool that will take trades on its own without traders spending time in analyzing the market condition.

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